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/ 

Tke «Stel\ogfa)Dker'*s GotrvJDaMoh: 

A COLLECTION OF WORDS, SENTENCES AND 
DICTATION EXERCISES, 



CAREFULLY SELECTED AND COMPILED IN ILLUSTRATION OF 

THE VARIOUS PRINCIPLES OF PHONOGRAPHY, OR 

SHORTHAND WRITING. 

INTENDED FOR USE BY BEGINNERS, ADVANCED 

WRITERS, SOLITARY STUDENTS, 

AND IN SCHOOLS. 

Fart I is particularly adapted to Isaac Pitman Writers. 

Part II may be advantageously used by students of 

any system of Pitmanic Shorthand. 

CONTAINING ALSO MANY USEFUL HINTS, PHRASES, 
ABBREVIATIONS, LISTS OF GRAMMALOGUES, CON- 
TRACTIONS, ETC., WHICH HAVE NEVER 
BEFORE BEEN PUBLISHED. 

Compiled and ..Published by 
W. L. /MASON, 

Author of " Serial Lessons in Phonography." 

Principal of the Metropolitan Shorthand School ; Instructor in Shorthand 

for the past ten years at the General Society of Mechanics and 

Tradesmen ; and Special Teacher of Phonography in the 

New York Public Schools. 



Copyright, 1896, by W. L. 

12 1895 



. Mason. 

New York: \/rJpTTi 
One-fifty-six Fifth Avenue. XJL *£> ' 

PRICE, TWENTY-FIVE CENTS. 



Tabic of CoK-telvLs 



Introduction, - - 3 

Part I — Preliminary Hints, 3 

Illustrative Words and Sentences, 4 

Phrasing (List of Phrases), - - 23 
Part II — Dictation Exercises and Advanced 

Principles, -_-_-_. 25 

Directions for Practice, .... 26 

Additional Hints for Speeding Practice, - - 44 

G-rammalogues (Complete List), ... 50 

Words which must be Vocalized, 60 

Final Hints, 61 

Aids to Further Practice, 63 

Gratuitous Aid to Students, ... 64 

Taking Testimony, - - - - - 64 

Contractions (Complete List), ... 65 

Intersected Words, ------ 72 

Business Phrases, - - - - - 74 



^ 



Tke <Stehograf)ker'.s ColrvJDaMoh. 

Part I. 
INTRODUCTION. 

Among the many handbooks which have been published 
for shorthand students, probably the most useful are those 
containing practice exercises embodying either the principles 
of Phonography, or their adjuncts, such as word-signs, con- 
tractions, and the like. Such exercises enable the student 
to learn to utilize the principles he has acquired in a way to 
most quickly habituate him to the rapid writing of correct 
shorthand. 

Several books of this kind have been published in England, 
but no small pocket companion for the American student of 
Phonography has yet appeared. The little book presented 
herewith aims to supply the demand for such a work. It will 
be found to contain, first, a series of miscellaneous words 
and sentences illustrating the various principles which are 
contained in more or less the same order in the different 
shorthand text-books; followed by complete lists of word- 
signs, contractions, etc., each accompanied by clear ex- 
planations for their use. After these is given a set of care- 
fully graded dictation exercises such as have been success- 
fully used for many years by the compiler in the teaching 
of thousands of pupils. In addition to these, the book con- 
tains many helpful hints and directions which cannot fail to 
benefit the student of any system who will faithfully follow 
them. 

PRELIMINARY HINTS. 

Students of shorthand should begin writing from dictation 
as soon as they are able to form simple words and sen- 
tences. Thus the hand and ear become trained simulta- 
neously with the eye, and a high degree of facility can be 
acquired by the time all the principles have been learned. 
The mistake is often made, however, of trying to write mis- 
cellaneous matter from dictation before the entire system 
has been studied. This should not be attempted, at any 
rate until a large number of the contractions have been me- 
morized; but the sentences contained in the following pages 
may be practiced from dictation with great advantage after 
they have been written several times correctly in shorthand 



4 PRELIMINARY HINTS. 

and longhand with all their vowels, and every word in its 
right position; for no words occur in the sentences which are 
subsequently to be written in a different way. 

Close attention should therefore be paid to the following 
directions for such practice : 

I. After writing, say, five times, each sentence cor- 
rectly in shorthand and then back into longhand (the latter 
being absolutely necessary to insure the accurate reading 
of one's shorthand notes), the student should get some 
friend to read the sentences very slowly at first, gradually 
increasing in speed until they can be written with ease as 
rapidly as they would ordinarily be uttered. This can only 
be done by omitting most, if not all, of the vowels, and by 
learning also to write with the e7itire arm and hand instead of 
with the fingers alone. Try writing a hundred times or so 
one or. more of the shorthand consonants without allowing 
any part of the hand to rest upon the note-book or desk, 
holding the pencil lightly between the fingers as in ordinary 
writing, and keeping the joints of the fingers and of the 
wrist perfectly still (not stiff) while writing with the entire 
arm. Then practice the sentences in the same way, and 
after a while great rapidity will be attained with scarcely 
any fatigue, and no cramp of any kind such as is often felt 
by those who move their finger joints alone. 

2. There are certain words in every system of shorthand 
which can always safely be written in position without 
vowels after they have been once learned with the vowels, 
no matter how slowly or how quickly the writing be done. 
In many shorthand text- books these words are taught as arbi- 
trary sign-words. This imposes upon the memory of the 
learner an unnecessary burden, which can be easily avoided 
by practicing such words aright at the outset. In this little 
book all such words are printed in italics whenever they oc- 
cur. The majority of these always unvocalized words are 
written in their proper positions even after the vowel is 
omitted, but occasionally it is found to be necessary, when 
the vowel is left out, to write the word out of its regular posi- 
tion to avoid connection with some other similar word with a 
like outline. The unvocalized words which are to be written 
out of position are indicated at the beginning of the group of 
sentences in which they are first used, and in subsequent 
exercises are printed with small capitals. 

ILLUSTRATIVE WORDS AND SENTENCES. 

After learning the Phonographic Alphabet, the rules for 
joining consonants, the vowels and their places between 



ILLUSTRATIVE WORDS AND SENTENCES. 5 

stroke consonants, the correct use of the upward and down 
ward R and L strokes should be acquired. Students of the 
Isaac Pitman Phonography will find clear and definite rules 
for writing these strokes on Chart 9 of " Serial Lessons in 
Phonography," published by W. L. Mason, 156 Fifth Ave- 
nue, New York. In illustration of these Rules (which stu- 
dents of other systems of shorthand can acquire from their 
respective text-books) the following Words and Sentences 
should be written in longhand and shorthand many times, 
until the learner has become perfectly familiar with the 
correct forms. 

Note. All the words in the following sentences which 
are printed in italics are to be written in their proper*posi- 
tions, but always without any vowels. The position of a 
word is determined by the vowel, or accented, vowel. A 
word containing a first position vowel should be written 
above the line; second position vowel, on the line; t/iird posi- 
tion vowel through the line (unless it contains none but hori- 
zontal strokes, when it must be written on the line like a 
second position word). Words containing more than one 
stroke, however, cannot be written wholly above the line 
for first position if both of the strokes are downward, as in 
pipe; nor on the line for third position if one of the strokes 
is a horizontal and the other a downward stroke, like 
cube. Write "pipe," and all similar words, so that the 
second p comes through the line; and "cube" and similar 
outlines so that the b is through the line, bringing the k 
somewhat above it. The rule is to always place the first 
upward or downward stroke in a word in its proper position 
without regard to the other strokes in the word. 

(See " Serial Lessons in Phonography," Charts 6 and 7.) 

R AND L SENTENCES. 

In the following sentences write the words YOUR, BE, 
will, it and if on the line without the vowels; and GO, 
in and many above the line, without any vowels. The 
writing of these words out of their proper positions is done 
so that they may be easily read when written at a high rate 
of speed. If written in their right positions without vowels, 
they would conflict with other words having similar outlines. 

The words a and the in the following sentences are arbi- 
trary sign words and should be looked up by the student in 
the text book from which he is studying. For the student of 
the Isaac Pitman system the "Charts " referred to from time 
to time in these pages will be found to contain the correct 



D R AND L SENTENCES. 

forms for the various word-signs introduced in the sentences 
illustrating the different principles. 

1. A thick fog lay along the meadow bottom at the mill. 

2. Use your eyes in a right way. (In the word " eyes " 
join the diphthong I to the consonant z). 

3. She may reach China by July. (Words beginning with 
a capital letter are written in Phonography with two short 
parallel marks something like quotation marks hastily made, 
placed directly beneath the line on which the word is written. 
These capitalizing marks are not necessary at the beginning 
of a sentence, or with the personal pronoun "I.") 

4. I saw a huge bug go up the window. 5. At the 
Chicago Fair I saw many funny deer. (Write " many " above 
the line.) 6. In Illinois they kill elk. 7. Look at my 
wheel go up the road. 8. If you pitch the ball I will catch 
it. (The diphthong U alone, written on the line, represents 
the personal pronoun " you.") 9. See my dog eat. It will 
eat a big meal. 10. Look at my monkey jump. 11. Mary 
wore a merino robe at the picnic. 12. Keep your dog 
away. I fear it will bite. 13. It may be a month ere 
you see the ship. 14. Go along the shore where they saw 
the big wreck a month ago. 15. Watch Harry catch a big 
fish. (Upward ish). 16. Will you carry my oar in your boat i 

The diphthong "I" may be joined to all the consonant 
strokes excepting downward 1, upward r, w, y, upward and 
downward h. The diphthong U may be joined to the end 
of all consonant strokes excepting k, gay, ish, zhee, m, mp, 
upward and downward 1 and r, w, y and h up. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

January, Delaware, Tennessee, March, forth, mirth, melo- 
dy, followed, unlike, acquire, afar, affair, affirm, appear, 
arena, argue, arid, bulk, aroma, arrive, arrear, assure, bear, 
bar, bark, park, calamity, alarm, alumni, aluminum, alive, 
alkali, allied, allowed, allude, almanac, along, also, alum, 
annual, annulling, appeal, avail, awful, value, awhile, bail, 
while, Alabama, Albany, Atlanta, Cheyenne, Chicago, Louis- 
ville, Milwaukee, Omaha, Tacoma, Topeka, Wheeling, 
Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, Montana, Nevada, Ohio, Utah 
(use the YAY stroke with T), Wyoming, Newark, Poughkeep- 
sie, poorly (down R, up L), purely (up R, up L); bearer (b, 
two upward R's); barely (like poorly), barrel (up R, down 
L); Monday, Iowa. 

Do not forget that words containing two or more syllables 
must be written in the position indicated by the accented syl- 
lable; thus, "January" would be written wholly above the 
line; "melody" on the line; "assure" the ish (the first 
downward stroke) through the line. The accented syllable 



ASPIRATE H SENTENCES. 7 

can always be determined by speaking a word quickly. If 
this fails, consult the dictionary. 

Double Consonant Words : 

Liquid, qualify, quality, whack, qualm, anguish, ambush, 
wool, Willie, quick, languor, embalm, wealthy, wolf, whelp, 
whip, embellish. 

TO BE WRITTEN IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
ASPIRATE H PRINCIPLE. (Chart io). 

Note. Two methods of insuring rapid writing have al- 
ready been indicated, namely, (i) omitting vowels; (2) using 
the entire arm in tracing the outlines. A third way is the 
joining together of certain words which are constantly asso- 
ciated, such as you may, do you, may be, etc. This joining 
together of words is called " Phrasing, " and the principle 
will be found explained at length on page 21. For the pre- 
sent, however, the learner mav join only such words as are 
connected with a hyphen on this and the following pages. 

Words with small capitals in this and subsequent exer- 
cises are those which the student has already been directed 
to write without vowels, but in a different position from that in 
which they belong. Remember that the words in italics are 
to be written without vowels, but in the right position. 

Write we, have (V without any h) and are (up R) on the 
line without vowels. 

1. Do-you like the toothache ? No, ma'am. (It is not 
necessary to express an apostrophe in shorthand). 2. The 
tug boat may leave early; Tom will be in the ship. 3. 
Toil while you-may. (Write " while " with the double conso- 
nant whl). 4. Here WE-are at -length. 5. We-will ere 
long BE at the top. 6. Ha ! Ha! I-have you here. 7. We 
like ham at home; hominy also. 8. You-are a handy fel- 
low at -any -time, 9. If I-had half your wealth I'd (I 
joined to D) BE happy. 10. Keep YOUR head IN the 
•hammock. II. I hear a rap at the door. 

Miscellaneous Words: 

Abhor, ahead, armhole, hemp, upheaval, Helena, hurl, 
hemlock, haddock, ahead, hearth (up H, up R), Elihu, 
Nehemiah, Mohawk, Sahara, alcohol (aspirate dot). 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE R HOOK PRINCIPLE. 
(Chart ii). 

Write OVER (original vr) above the line; WERE on 
the line. 

I. My drum will beat your harp. 2. Look over the 



5 R AND L HOOK SENTENCES. 

river at the lovely beach tree. 3. " Drink, pretty creature, 
drink." 4. The hungry tramp bought a cranberry pie 
at the bridge. 5. Show forth (f, up R, ith) true charity IN 
your life. '6. The choir were paid by the month. 7. The 
oak tree, the elm, also the hemlock, make a refreshing shade. 
8. I saw the carriage approach the manor Friday at 3 P. M. 

Do not join (< I" to saw. 

Before writing the following words, carefully study the 
rules for joining the original and duplicate forms of fr, vr, thr 
and thr given herewith : 

Tne original fr and vr join better than the duplicate with 
p, b, t, d, ch, j, f, v, th, TH, s, z, ish and zhee, as in the 
words paver, braver, tougher, driver, whichever, favor, so- 
ever, shaver. 

The duplicate fr, or vr, joins better with horizontal and 
upward strokes, thus, coffer, giver, lever, mover, river, wa- 
fer, freak, frame, etc. 

The original thr and thr join better with t, d, ch, and 
j, as in tether, each-other, etc; while with all other strokes 
the duplicate is better, as in bother, gather, leather, wither, 
thrum, Arthur, brother, etc. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Apprehend (aspirate Dot), neighborhood (same), accrue, 
acre, aggregate, agree, alternate, amateur, approach, 
April, author, baker, battery, negro, democracy, traitor, 
honor, breath, throb, farmer (up R), anarchy, astronomy, 
energy, propriety, property (pr, p, up R, T), improper, 
prior, pressure, proper, endeavor, truly, orthography, 
murmur, brewery, Denver, New Hampshire (join the diph- 
thong U to N for "New"), New Jersey, harbor, harder, 
thinker, tinker, Friday. 

Note. Although the rule for writing the stroke L at the 
beginning of a word requires it to be written downward when. 
it is both preceded by a vowel and followed by a horizontal 
consonant, the upward L must be used if the horizontal 
stroke is hooked initially \ as in allegro \ alacrity, 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE L HOOK PRINCIPLE. 
(Chart 12.) 

It will be observed that on Chart 12, and following, the 
student is directed to memorize certain k< Grammalogues." 

A Grammalogue is a word-sign, or short form for writing 
frequently recurring words. In longhand many are used, 
such as X for ten; % for per cent, $ for Dollar, etc. In Pho- 
nography, not only the well-known word-signs in common 
use in longhand are employed, but in addition to these, 



L HOOK SENTENCES. 9 

there are some 150 Grammalogues, composed entirely of 
shorthand outlines, such as v for I; . for The, etc. A few 
of the commoner ones are given with each Chart, accom- 
panied by practice sentences which should be written many 
ti?nes from dictation until the Grammalogues illustrated by 
them are so thoroughly learned that they can be written 
without hesitation the instant they are heard. A thorough 
knowledge of these, after learning the principles, will enable 
any one to write ordinary matter in shorthand, and to do 
easy amanuensis work, but too much cannot be said of the 
imperative necessity for making the Grammalogues literally 
apart of oneself ] so that they may be almost unconsciously re- 
produced by the fingers the moment the sound of the spoken 
word reaches the ear. 

The student should first write a page of each of these in 
both longhand and shorthand, and afterward write into 
shorthand and longhand many times the sentences given 
below. 

With the next principle a page of the word-signs given 
with this one should be written, and a page each of the new 
word-signs, longhand and shorthand, practiced. This plan 
should be employed with each new principle, care being 
taken to practice the Grammalogues already given, together 
with the new ones, in order that they may be kept constantly 
in mind, and that all may be thoroughly learned by the 
time the dictation exercises on page 25 are reached. Unless 
the Grammalogues are made a part of oneself in such a way 
as not to have to stop and think every time they occur in a 
dictation, success as a stenographer will not be attained. 

On page 27 of this work the Grammalogues thus given 
with the different Charts are woven into an Exercise, which, 
after the first 25 Charts are completely mastered, should 
first be written carefully into longhand, then back into short- 
hand a number of times, and then taken from dictation at 
first slowly, then more rapidly until it can be written with 
facility at the rate of at least 80 words a minute. 

Recurring to Phrasing, the commonest word in the English 
language is the definite article " the. " Since it is repre- 
sented in most systems of shorthand by a dot, it cannot be 
joined to another word, as it stands, to form a phrase. It is, 
however, perfectly practicable to make the dot into a small 
dash or " tick, " as it is called, when it is desired to phrase 
the word " the " with the preceding word. Hence the student 
should remember that hereafter, whenever the word "the " 
is connected by a hyphen with the preceding word, a short 
" tick " should be used to represent the word " the." The 
tick should be made to look exactly like a little piece of an 



IO N AND F HOOK SENTENCES. 

upward r, or a " ch " stroke, for it can be written either up- 
ward or downward, the preference being given to the 
direction which will form an acute angle, thus, at-the, through- 
the, write the tick upward in the direction of ray, but very- 
short. 

Write or above the line without the vowel. Arbitrary 
word-signs : He, Who, Thing. (See Chart 12.) 

I. Who took my apple ? He saw you look through-the 
window. 2. Mary wore a blue merino robe at-the picnic. 
3. I saw a fly go ovER-the wall. 4. Longfellow had an 
admirable daughter. 5. The ship lay at anchor iN-the bay. 
6. While riding through-the tunnel, I saw a blue flame. 7. 
He read a valuable paper ^Mhe club. 8. The blackberry 
hung ripe by-the road, while the boy looked longingly at it. 
9. WE may travel by boat or by rail. 10. Show him the 
thing you took. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Legible, affirmatively, amicably, ample, angle, apply, ap- 
proval, arrival, audible, bashful, plural, crackle, playtime, 
clerical, implacable, diplomacy, radical, affable, infidel, 
laughable, miracle, voluble, paternal, trouble, favor, pre- 
pared (pr, p, up r, d,) employ, reply, owner, oblige, unable, 
cling, comical, technical, enamel, capable, durable, health- 
ful, manageable, dutiful, ignoble, incredible, gamble, nerve, 
bridle, shackle, movable, impartial, inevitable, wrinkle, 
equivocal, Buffalo, Florida (up R); available (first 1 down- 
ward); valuable (first 1 upward); machinery (r hook on N). 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH N AND F HOOK PRINCIPLE. 
(Chart 13). 

Arbitrary word-signs : And, are, to. (See Chart 13). 

1. Dare to-do right; dare to-be ("be" through the line 
represents the phrase " to-be ") true. 

2. I-will (join the first half of the diphthong I to upward 1) 
try to-do well. 3. Draw nigh to-Him and He will draw 
nigh to-you. 4. Annie and Mary are to GO to New Jersey. 
5. The thief broke throi/gh-the window. 6. IF you-are 
ready, you and I-will go dozvn to-the creek. 7. The girl 
who bought the flannel had a head-ache. 8. At a pawn 
shop one may see many odd men. 9. will you take a drive 
through-the park? (p, up r,k). 10. At Trenton Washing- 
ton rowed through-the ice to-the other shore. II. Do only 
one thing at a lime and do it well, 12. I-will try to-do 
right and earn viv money like a true man. 



SHON HOOK SENTENCES. II 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Affirmative, negative, defective, rough, muff, life, pave, 
active, activity, leaf, laugh, arrive, move, knave, enough, 
locomotive, bravery, Frenchman, economical, again, alder- 
man, attain, attainable, awaken, barn, bean, beaten, forma- 
tive, attractive, autograph, begin, above, marine, ravine, 
mine, coffin, wan, noun, oven, bane, pain, gin, tyranny, 
wooden, pigeon, kitten, launch, clean, auburn, luncheon, 
gladden, coin, ripen, dungeon, broken, monarch, balloon, 
branch, known, heathen, legion, June, Trenton, Washington, 
Maine, Michigan, Oregon. Happen and Manhattan (with the 
aspirate dot); runner (n hook and upward r); vanish (upward 
ish); adjourn (J with r and n hooks); arrange (downward r, 
n hook); minute (stroke n); woolen (double consonant wl, n 
hook); meanwhile (stroke n); agency (stroke n). 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE SHON HOOK 
PRINCIPLE. (Chart 14). 

Arbitrary word-signs: On^ for, can, from. (See Chart 14). 

Write upon on the line. 

I. May we go to see-t\ie American (upward r) legation 
at Berlin? 2. I apprehend he will show it to-you. 3. 
Keep your money iN-the bank where iT-may-BE had upon 
application. 4. 1-fail to see why they make any (above the 
line) allegation. 5. My relative from Brooklyn will-be 
here IN addition to-your brother. 6. If I-had a fine educa- 
tion do-you know where I'd (I joined to d) live? Why, IN 
Europe. 7. Any mechanic who will may earn a deal of 
money here in America. 8. Z><?-you feel weary enough to 
lie on -the beach ? For IF-you do I-can watch over you 
and keep you from harm. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Action, attraction, apportion, approbation, artesian, as- 
sumption, auctioneer, navigation, Hessian, visionary, elec- 
tion, fusion, traditional, vacation, rational, notation, rotation, 
intimation, benediction, collision, division, mansion, cushion, 
dimension, pension, version, session, omission, permis- 
sion, probation, edification, qualification, amplification, 
verification, ratification, location, vocation, litigation, obli- 
gation (L hook), violation, isolation, commissioner. 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE MEDIAL CIRCLE S 
PRINCIPLE. (Chart 15). 

Arbitrary word-signs : Think, should, put, all, them. 
(See Chart 15). Write ME above the line; how (the diphthong 
ow) on the line. 



12 MEDIAL CIRCLE S SENTENCES. 

When the expression " of the " occurs between two other 
words it may be omitted entirely without endangering the 
legibility of the writing, provided the two words between 
which it occurs are written as closely together as possible, 
or " approximated," (see Advanced Chart IV). 

I. Blessed ARE-the meek. 2. The insulation (of the) 
electric wire will keep it from doing harm. 3. will 
you allow ME to ride on your bicycle ? 4. How-long do- 
you imagine IT-WILL (t, upward 1) take to learn ? (up 1, up 
1, 11 hook). 5. Only a month or so. 6. If-you and I dis- 
agree, then who WILL-BE to blame ? 7. Every person will 
do well to heed the Bible. 8. " Get a passion for reading. 
Read closely, wisely, analyzing every expression and laying 
IT up for use in your memory. So WILL your wisdom be 
both extensive and useful" 9. "Learn to admire rightly; 
narrow men admire basely and worship meanly." 10. I- 
think I saw them on-the boat. 1 1. Do-you. like coffee OR 
tea ? I-think I should prefer tea. 12. Polly put the kettle 
on we'll all take tea. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Inspire, exception, legislation, exaggeration, extensive, 
Wisconsin, examiner, exemption (omit the p), vessel, indes- 
cribable, Paterson, absorb, obstruction, apostle, Youngstown, 
tricycle, discourage, illustration, discourtesy, vicinity, Pas- 
saic, brisk, expressman, deceive, abstain, accede, accustom, 
admissible, adversely, ambassador, anthracite, anxiety, 
apostrophe, appraisal, approximation, mislead, resign, mu- 
cilage, pleasing, mischief, possess, sausage, hasten, phy- 
sique, burlesque, muslin, fresco, mosquito, lawsuit, recipe, 
viceroy, message, discipline, reside, persevere, perceive, 
moccasin, piecemeal, hostile, Augusta, Boston, Alaska, Min- 
nesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, answer (upward r), 
officer (same), observe (upward r and v hook), lancer (circle 
s inside n hook, downward r), Boston, demonstration, minis- 
try (circle s inside n hook, stroke t), San Francisco, Vicksburg, 
Arizona, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Harrisburg, Jack- 
sonville, Brazil. 

Note. When a word begins with l followed by sv, sn, 
sng, as in elusive, lesson, losing, use the downward L. 

Observe that in words containing the same consonant 
stroke repeated, and a medial circle s, the circle must be 
written on the right side of downward strokes, and the up- 
per side of horizontal or upward straight strokes, as in out- 
side, deceit, decide, Tuesday, pos(t)pone, Dresden, dusty, 
tacit, cask, cascade, razor, reserve, research, reservation. 



INITIAL S AND SW SENTENCES. 13 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE INITIAL S AND SW 
PRINCIPLE. (Chart 16). 

Write year with a downward R, through the line un- 
vocalized. 

Arbitrary word signs: As, has, of, which, was. (See 
Chart 16). Write though above the line without any vowel. 

I. Do-yo\x know which year iT-was? 2. Do-you see any 
sign of rain ? or has-the sun begun to shine ? 3. Fling 
forth the banner (of the) free. 4. I- will see you at-ihe 
station at ten o'clock A. M. (longhand initials), as you desire. 
5. your favor of Thursday was duly read, and I-will ans- 
wer IT to-morrow (grammalogue "to" joined tomor- 
row). 6. On Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday (circle s 
on right side of t, up r and d), I-will plan to visit you. 7. 
Swear you-will secure me the money OR I-will switch you. 
8. I hope (diphthong I joined to p) you will secure 
for your sulky a speedy sale, and so remain, yours-truly, 
(write this together, with downward r, circle s, tr and 
upward 1). 9. Ask the girl to use some soap to scrub 
the floor while I sweep the other room. 10. Few people 
toil IN-the hope of using time IN a right way. They allow it 
to slip away as though it were a thing of no value. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Stroll, subtle, sale, squabble, civil, suffer, subscriber, 
supersition, subscribe, speech, station, Satan, smooth, scorn, 
sink, central, silk, slavery, seizure, citizen, sojourner, Sa- 
vannah, Somerville, South Dakota, desire, Cincinnati, Sun- 
day, newspaper, Saturday, swoon, swap, swagger, Swede, 
Swanee, swell, swathe, swan, swim, swimmer, swallow. 
swamp, swarm, sweep, sweet, swerve, swing, Swiss, sworn, 
savage, sultry. 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH FINAL CIRCLE S 
PRINCIPLE. (See Chart 17). 
Arbitrary word-signs : Shall, our, but, advantage, is, his, 
(both represented by a circle on the line.) (See Chart 17.) 
Write OUR (up r) through the line; write this on the line. 

1, I-will pay my fines and dues in a few days. 2. If- 
you agree to-this, please see your lawyer soon and advise as- 
to possible action in July. 3. Please go and see John Smith 
of Yonkers (yay, ng, with r hook, circle s) and ask him to 
write as-soon-as-possible (omitthebl). 4. Marine animals 
live IN-the sea. 5. will you join our party ? Yes, if-yon- 
will allow ME io-do so. 6. " Beauty is a fairy; she hides in 
a flower cup or beneath a leaf, or creeps into-(n, t)-the ivy 
on-the wall, and plays among-the sunbeams, OR laughs out 



14 FINAL CIRCLE S SENTENCES. 

from a vivacious and youthful face." 7. Sir Benjamin 
Green will-be at-the house on Sunday. He will then leave 
for Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Texas, Missouri, Mis- 
sissippi, and-the South. He will return by-the tenth (10 
and ith) of December (omit last syllable), and will remain 
here over Christmas. As-soon-as the holidays are over he 
will sail for China and Japan, and will-be gone for Mid- 
years. IN all this time he will travel many miles, visit 
strange scenes and bring back trunks-full of antique and 
valuable mementoes. Success to-hzm. Bon voyage. 

(When phrasing " him " a single third place dot must al- 
ways be placed before the m to avoid confliction with the 
word me). 

In using the large " ses " circle it is not necessary to vo- 
calize it unless the vowel occurring between the two s's be 
some other than e, thus success, no vowel inside the circle; 
exercise, the diphthong "I " inside the circle. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Success, successful, successfully, successive, successively, 
successor, successes, pace, face, pains, fans, abhorrence, 
absence, allowance, amanuensis, ambitious, abundance, 
amuse, anxious, business, across, address, adherence, per- 
severance, advice, apologize, apparatus, appearance, disap- 
pearance, appraise, assistance, assurance, authorize, balance, 
barbarous, base, basis, Syracuse, Memphis, Massachu- 
setts, Dallas, Elizabeth, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Pro- 
vidence, molasses, crackers, glass, spheres, excuse, sac- 
rifice, abyss, centuries, advance (v hook;, Columbus (k, 
down 1, mb circle s), separates (spr, t, circle s ), purchase 
(r hook), precious (upward ish), Des-Moines. Kansas-City (k, 
n stroke, ses circle, t), Kansas, Mississippi, Texas, Arkansas. 

The final S circle may be placed inside tion Hook on 
straight as well as on curved strokes. 

At this point write again all words in the preceding exercises 
which can be written with a final circle s, either by making 
them plural, as appeal, appeals-, by changing the case of 
nouns, to the possessive, as John, John's', or the tense of verbs, 
as fly, flies. Grammalogues may also be changed in this way, 
as go, goes; thing, things; think, thinks; put, puts; our, hour, 
ours, hours; advantage, advantages; it, its; your, yours; 
year, years, etc. 



ST LOOP SENTENCES. 15 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE PRINCIPLE ON THE 

DISTINCTION BETWEEN CIRCLE AND 

STROKE S. (Chart 18). 

Write thus through the line. 

1. The progress of science in-these days is truly amazing. 
2. Lose no time in idleness (I joined to d, up 1, stroke n, 
circle s). 3. See-the eagle soar ovER-the lake. 4. we 
should make-the same use of books as a bee does of a flower. 

5. A tax was laid on tea in-the days (of the) Revolution. 

6. Do right at-the outset; thus you-wiLL-have no reason to 
murmur #/-the close of-life. 7. if I may have your assist- 
ance I- think 1-can succeed, for I know my society will help me 
to earn the necessary money. 8. City of Brooklyn, County of 
Kings, ss. (longhand initials), 1-had some suspicion of-THis 
fellow as-soon-as he-said his name was Caesar and he- was 
iN-the sausage business, and upon reading in-the papers of- 
his suicide, I knew at-once (t above line, n hook closed) he- 
was no loss to society. (As-soon-as, double size initial circle 
on n above the line, final circle s). 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Suspense, sustain, sustenance, Elias, sewing, Siam, sew- 
age, Suez, sighing, accuracy, vacancy, sesame, excellence, 
excellency, Paris, acid, ascribe, aside, ask, assembly, asser- 
tion, assess, assessor, assign, assignee, assume, astray, as- 
tronomy, asylum, arising, legacy, policy, fancy, courtesy, 
daisy, busy, Easton, sewing. 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE ST LOOP PRINCIPLE. 
(Chart 19). 

Arbitrary word-sign : First. 

1. John Smith and Co., successors to John Jones. 2. 
Who shall separate (spr, t,) us from-the love of Christ ? 3. 
The class is dismissed. 4. A stitch IN time saves nine. 5. 
iT-is time to go home. 6. Steady boys, steady; ready boys, 
ready. 7. BE firm IN doing YOUR duty. 8. We live in-the 
vicinity (of the) park. 9. Miss Post suggests an investigation 
of some (of the) rumors which-have (ch on the line, v hook) 
just gotten to her ears. 10. A stout spinster raced up the 
West side the other day, raising the dust and saying she must 
stab the stupid punster who had thrust himself (m on the line, 
large ses circle joined) into her affairs. She stood still in a stu- 
por close by a store where they- were selling statues and 
waists; then seeing some-one (some, with an n hook) who 
she said was an imposter, she caused his arrest, and-the last 



1 6 W AND Y DIPHTHONG SENTENCES. 

WE saw of her she had disposed of her prisoner and danced, 
like one half dazed, into a pastry shop. n. The last shall- 
be first. 

Up -the is not a good phrase. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Amongst, ancestor, annexed, apologized, whilst, aroused, 
artist, assist, arrest, August, balanced, best, cleansed, au- 
thorized, fused, refused, investigation, Manchester, Roches- 
ter, Worcester, aghast, distressed, breakfast, priest, dis- 
cussed, m®ist, rehearsed, relapsed, stomach, earnest, chem- 
ist, dentist, excused, sacrificed, evinced, starch, hoarfrost, 
vast, vastly, purest, sweetest, greatest, finest, stately, lovest, 
breast, wrist. 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE W AND Y 
DIPHTHONG PRINCIPLE. (Chart 20). 

Arbitrary word-signs : what, would, with, when. (See 
Chart 20). Wish, ish through the line without any vowel. 
Young on the line unvocalized. 

1. When you see a thing to-be done, do IT and what you 
do, do well. 2. He who-would-be wise must-be willing to 
learn. 3. With Him all things are possible. 4. I-trust 
you-will deem IT best to first think a while ere you 
take any rash steps. 5. Please extinguish your fire OR you- 
may-be sorry. 6. Geography is a description (of the) 
earth's surface. 7. Study opens the treasures of antiquity. 
8. Muslin is from Moussul, a city of Turkey in Asia. 9. 
A covetous man is eager for gain. 10. Pneumonia is a 
disease (of the) lungs. 1 1. Show deference to-the wishes 
of others. 12. Announce the arrival (of the) ambassador 
and proclaim the news of victory (v, k, t, upward r). 13. 
in India and Persia the natives are less civilized than in In- 
diana. 14. While riding the other day on-the railway I no- 
ticed a furious young steer run across-the track. As he-was 
only twenty rods away he-was struck by the locomotive and 
tossed ovER-the fence, bellowing piteously. 15. The fierce 
Indian gave a terrific warwhoop as he sprang with 
upraised tomahawk upon-the young Christian. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Melodious, ceremonious, enviously, Asiatic, inalienable, 
seriously, Indian, piteously, wishes, reservoir, inure, bul- 
lion, ingenious, experience, frequency, millionaire, hideous, 
dubious, ingeniously, copious, abbreviate, alienate, ammo- 
nia, appreciation, appropriation, audience, Australian, auxil- 
liary, barriers, allegiance, heaviest, create, acquiescence, 



PR AND PL VOCALIZATION SENTENCES. 17 

sidewalk, alleviation, onion, superior, anguish, humiliation, 
obvious, genial, genius, expediency, unquestioning, ar- 
duous, warden, warfare, waterfall, waterman, warmth, 
warmer, wart, warp, warship, warrior, warble, opium, wag, 
wakeful, warning, warwhoop, watering-place, watermelon, 
waterproof, valuation (up ish), miscellaneous, Indianapolis, 
Wilmington, Indian Territory, Indiana, Virginia, Louis- 
siana, New York. 

Note. In using the W and Y diphthongs, be careful not to 
employ them in words the outlines for which would resemble 
some other words when the diphthongs are omitted. Thus 
such words as "weed," "wood," "widow," would look 
like "do" unless the stroke W is used. So with other 
similar words. 

The following half dozen words, though ending with the 
syllable -tion,-tian, cannot be written with the shun hook. 
Vocalize with one of the Y Diphthongs, and use t, with 
n hook for all bat the last two, which may be written with 
the ?t loop and stroke n. Christian, question, exhaustion, 
bastion, fustian, digestion, suggestion. 

WITH THE VOCALIZATION OF THE PR AND PL 
SERIES OF DOUBLE CONSONANTS. (Chart 21). 
Write DEAR, sure, through the line without vowels; care, 

MERE, NEAR, THERE, THEIR, THEY'RE, FOR, on the line with- 
out vowels; more, nor, call above the line without vowels, 
all but " call " with the R hook. 

1. " Slow and sure " is a w//-known motto. 2. There- 
is-no place like home. 3. Oh ! think (of the) home over 
there. 3. The telegraph and-the telephone are-the twin 
inventions (of the) age. in colonial days, when skill in 
electrical affairs was almost unknown, our ancestors had 
recourse to other means for-the transmission (tr, medial s, 
m, tion hook) of ideas. 5. iN-the narrative I read to-you I 
noticed a parallel instance, for at-bhe church aforesaid, 
a small delegation is seen, and-the charm with-which 
they deliver their address is pleasing to-the children. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

North Dakota, college, colony, pilgrim, telegraph, tele- 
graphy, discourse, culture, soldier, aforesaid, chairman, fix- 
ture, recourse, calcium, schoolhouse, Shakespeare, mixture, 
structure, capture, jurisdiction, skill, colonial, ambassador, 
atmosphere, Charleston, Galveston, Philadelphia (fi, d, 1 up, 
f), California, North-Carolina, darling, South-Carolina. 



1 8 HALVING SENTENCES. 

TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE HALVING PRINCIPLE. 

(Charts 22 and 23). 

Arbitrary word-signs : That, great, short (see Chart 23), 
speak (circle s, p through the line). 

1. God sometimes (halved "some," full length m with 
circle s) permits men to-do wrong, but does-^^ prompt them 
to-do wrong. 2. Let-us (halved 1 with circle s), then, be 
what WE-are and speak what WE think and in all things be 
loyal to truth (tr on the line) and- the sacred professions of 
friendship. 3. "Call on a business man at business 
times only, and on business; transact your business, and GO 
about (b halved with diphthong ow joined) your business, 
so-as-to give him time to finish (upward ish) his business. " 
" To thine own self BE true, and IT must follow, as-the night 
the day, thou canst not then BE false to any man. " 5 . your fa- 
vor (of the) 30th instant at hand, and IN reply would-say. 6. 
" if you' re told to-do a thing, and mean to-do it really; never 
(n, v on the line) let IT BE by halves, (aspirate dot) do IT fully, 
freely." 7. "In-the hammer lies the wealth of a nation. 
Its (t circle s on the line) merry clink points out the abode of 
industry and labor." 8. " When a book raises your spirits, 
and inspires you with noble and courageous feelings, seek 
for no other rule to judge the work by, IT -is good, and made 
by a good workman." 9, Let every man employ hi??iself in- 
the business with-which he-is best acquainted. 

Miscellaneous Words : 

Abdicate, obdurate, absent, absolute, abstract, absurd, ac- 
cept, acceptable, accumulate, accurate, accustomed, act, 
adequate, educate, adopt, adult, advocate, afford, aloft, apart, 
appealed, appeared, appreciate (upward ish), approximate, 
arithmetic, arranged, intense, rapidly, repeat, intensify, 
substitute, cushioned, evolutionist, ancient (upward ish 
halved with n hook), mentioned (same), frequent, bribed, 
judged, potato, dearest, situated, abundance, amendment, 
altitude, political (halved pi, and kl), protection. (Aspirate 
dot words: Hundred, handful, unhand, handed, handle, ap- 
prehended, heavenward, handkerchief). Hartford, Hot 
Springs, Montgomery, Pittsburg, Portland, St. Louis (circle s, 
halved n, downward 1), St. -Augustine, St. -Paul, Salt-Lake- 
City, District of Columbia, Maryland, Rhode-Island, Ver- 
mont, Baltimore (B, up 1 halved, mr), Cleveland. 

The syllable " ward " is represented, in the Isaac Pitman 
system, by a halved " way " joined to the preceding stroke, 
as in forward, backward, upward, downward, inward, out- 
ward, reward, westward, southward, northward. Write 



HALVED STROKES WITH N HOOK. 19 

eastward with halved downward R to represent the syllable 
" ward." 



Of the large number of words ending in NT, or nd, almost 
all may be written with the N Hook on a halved stem, thus, 
1 'attained " (halved T with the N Hook); but when a clear 
outline cannot be secured in this way, the N Hook should 
not be used, as in " vacant," where V, full length K, and a 
halved stroke N is better than a halved K with the N hook. 
So with " fastened," where stroke F, Circle S and halved 
stroke N is better than F, and halved stroke S with the N 
Hook. A very complete list of the more common words 
coming under this rule is given herewith, and these words 
should be practiced many times in order that their outlines 
may become familiar to the student. 

To be written with the Hook N: 

Scant, pageant, meant, infant, elegant, chant, merchant, 
elephant, radiant, gallant, plant, slant, pant, occupant, 
grant, tyrant, reluctant, distant, assistant, Protestant, visitant, 
claimant, instant, servant, want, relevant, bent, assent, ac- 
cident, incident, resident, president, pendant, ardent, impru- 
dent, negligent, diligent, urgent, ancient, obedient, expe- 
dient, lent, blent, violent, insolent, ornament (up r), sacra- 
ment, fundament, amendment, cement, agreement, man- 
agement, infringement, inclement, supplement, settle- 
ment, indorsement, amusement, excitement, movement, 
judgment, attachment, refreshment, punishment, raiment, 
rudiment, sentiment, installment, moment, shipment, 
garment, assessment, treatment, apartment, department, 
document, argument, monument, endowment, pay- 
ment, enjoyment, employment, pertinent, pent, repent, 
spent, rent, parent, apparent, reverent, torrent, lent, hap- 
pened, penitent, vent, invent, infrequent, eloquent, fervent, 
went, faint, paint, quaint, dent, hint, point, anoint, joint, 
standpoint, disappoint, print, tint, font, front, wont, haunt, 
punt, blunt, count, account, discount, fount, mount, amount, 
band, husband, land, bland, woodland, gland, inland, island, 
demand, expand, grand, errand, stand, withstand, vend, 
ascend, dividend, friend, lend, mend, depend, spend, attend, 
extend, blind, find, behind, mankind, mind, remind, wind, 
bond, second, found, diamond, fond, bound, unbound, 
mound, hound, round, around, ground, surround, wound, 
pliant. 

To be written with the outline n halved : 
Descend, offend, end, indent, aunt, prevent, advent, 
event, sent, thousand, evident, send, intend, rescind, pro- 



20 CON AND ING WORDS AND SENTENCES. 

found, sound, vacant, abundant, tenant, accountant, pur- 
suant, adjacent, decent, agent (j, n hook, stroke t), client, 
patient, advancement, opponent, adherent, abhorrent, sent 
(ist position), resent, present, intent. The syllable ment when 
occurring at the end of a word preceded by stroke n or hook 
f or circle s, may be written with the stroke n halved; 
thus, announce-^/, for announcement, achieve-*??//, for 
achievement, etc. 

WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF CON AND ING. 
Charts 24 and 25. 

Arbitrary word-signs : Could, told, give, rave, given. 

Write those above the line; write its on the line. 

I. BE courteous to all, but intimate with few; and let 
those few be well tried before-(b, duplicate fr)-you give them 
YOUR confidence. Washington. 2. Every man must edu- 
cate himself. His books and teachers are but helps; the 
work is his. A man is-not educated until (halved n, down- 
ward 1) he has-the ability to summon, IN an emergency, his 
mental powers IN vigorous exercise to effect its proposed ob- 
ject (b j). Daniel Webster, 3. Hoping to hear from-you 
soon, we-are, Very-truly-yours. 4. Awaiting Your kind 
commands which shall-have our continuous care and atten- 
tion, WE-are, Yours, etc. (t, circle s, t, upward R). 5. 
Trusting this wiLL-find you IN good health and spirits, I 
remain. 6. Dear-Sir : Your kind favor containing confi- 
dential communications has-been referred to-the proper 
committee who-have (who with v hook) concluded to-take 
early action. I-cannot conceive why you-should consider 
this of such great consequence, but I-shall continue to 
press IT as you command, remaining in-the-meantime 
(halved m with n hook, full length m). 7. The meeting ad- 
journed IN confusion worse confounded. 8. Who could 
have told his life would give such results? 9. I told-him 
to call and see ME, but he said he could-not do it. 

Miscellaneous Words : (Write with the stroke -ing all 
words which have the -ing in italics). 

Conscious, unconscious, consciousness, conscientious, in- 
convenient, convenience, conveyance, convention, condi- 
tion, contain?^, combining, contendm^, assert/^, adjoin- 
ing, assisting, amending, arriving, basting, comparing, pass- 
es, blessing, greeting, hearing, suffering, living, suing, 
coping, burning, sprinkling, darting, assuming, iacing, read- 
ing, pre ceding, Tiding, landing, standzV^, pending, sownding 
being, seeing, hanging, longing, catching, taking, liking, 
dealing, Concord, incomplete, Connecticut. 



PHRASING. 21 

In compound •■ con " words beginning with de, dis, or re, 
like decompose, discontent, recombine, etc., the de, dis and 
re are always on the line and the rest of the word is placed in 
its proper position alongside. But when " con " words be- 
gin with mis, in, un, or non, like miscontrue, incompetent, 
unconscious, noncontent, etc., the m or n must be placed 
sufficiently above the line to allow the rest of the word 
to be written beneath in the proper position. 



EXERCISE 

On the Grammalogues contained in the preceding pages, 
and given on the first 25 Charts. 

What have you done with-the ball ? Has it been taken 
from-you as I said it-would- bet 

All who come short of what I told-you would-be required 
need not come, /-shall call on you, and if-he-will give me 
an answer /-will let you have it, so that you-can tell-me when 
/ arrive what-is first to-be done, and who you think should do it. 

John could do the thing for you, but to one who-is strange 
/think it-would be more trouble than you would care to put our 
friend tofor-the-sake of a mere trifle, nor do /-think it-will-be 
much more ii-you get some one near you to-do it. 

At-a/l-times, (halved t, 1 hook, m, circle s) and-in-all places, 
strive to-do that-which-will bring you trtie joy. This cannot 
be done easily, but /-am-sure it-is best, and /-hope-you- 
will prove it so. 

A dear friend of mine called on me last evening. He had- 
been ill/<?r-some-time and was given up by-the doctors, but he 
went away to an inland town and there he got back his health. 
Of- course the cost of -his trip was-not a mere trifle. 



PHRASING. 

The old way of teaching shorthand by carrying a student 
through various stages known as a "learner's style,'' a 
" corresponding style " and a "reporter's style," is a round- 
about and unsatisfactory method of accomplishing a very 
simple thing. For much that is taught in the "learner's 
style " must be unlearned or learned differently in the " cor- 
responding style," and this is true also of the "reporter's 
style " as related to the " corresponding." What the student 
of shorthand to-day desires is to " get there " in the shortest 



22 PHRASING. 

possible time, and by the most direct road, consistent with 
thoroughness. There is no good reason, therefore, why a 
beginner should not learn to write the briefest style of short- 
hand from the start, instead of practicing and memor- 
izing long and cumbersome forms for words which, when 
he reaches the corresponding style, or the reporter's style, 
he finds must be written in a totally different way, if he 
wishes to become a rapid stenographer. 

The three great methods of abbreviation adopted by all 
systems of shorthand are (i) by means of word-signs, (2) by 
the use of contracted outlines, and (3) by the employment of 
"phrases." The word-signs, or ** Grammalogues," have 
already been referred to, and will be spoken of again later 
on; a list of "contractions," with explanations, is given on 
page 65, (though, as a matter of fact, they need not be 
learned, or glanced at, until most of the principles have been 
learned, and considerable dictation practice has been had, 
since a great deal of matter can be written from dictation 
very easily, without using any word for which a contraction 
is afterward provided). But every student can take up the 
art of Phrasing as soon as he is able to write a sentence in short- 
hand, even while he is learning the principles; so that instead 
of writing words for a long time separately which he subse- 
quently finds are invariably connected in rapid writing, he can 
begin at once to practice this most useful adj unct of Phonogra- 
phy as directed on page 7. By so doing he will obtain great 
facility in this particular art, and will find little difficulty in 
applying the knowledge and the facility thus gained in 
taking dictation. 

What is "Phrasing " ? Phrasing is the joining together of 
two or more words (usually Grammalogues) without lifting 
the pencil, in order to save time in rapid writing. The ma- 
jority of phrases are also found to be easier to read than the 
words composing those phrases would be if written separate- 
ly. Therefore, the use of phrases in no way endangers 
the legibility of shorthand writing, while adding much to the 
speed with which it can be written. 

The most important thing, however, to remember when 
joining words in this way, is that the first Grammalogue, or 
word, in a phrase must occupy the position it would have if 
it stood by itself, without regard to the position of any 
other word in the same phrase. The simplest and most 
natural phrases are the best to become familiar with at first, 
while afterward more elaborate and extended ones may be 
brought into use. (See page 74.) Where two words have 
once been joined in a phrase they should never again there- 
after be written separately. There is danger, however, in 



PHRASING. 23 

phrasing promiscuously, and the three requisites for correct 
phrasing which must be born in mind in selecting new 
phrases are the following : 

1. Phrase only those words which join easily. 

2. Phrase only those words which are usually associated 
together. 

3 Phrase only those words which can be easily read after 
they are joined. 

A working list of some of the phrases in common use is 
given herewith, while on page 74, as well as on Advanced 
Chart I of "Serial Lessons," will be found carefully se- 
lected lists of elaborate and extended phrases, such as are 
used in commercial and legal work. 

A LIST OF PHRASES. 

My-dear, you-will, you-are, all-the, on the, in- this, you- 
should, there-are, in-the, but-the, can-be, with-this, who- 
would, to-him, to-his, you-cannot, so-that, you-can, that- 
which, for-me, was-not, I-think, what-it-is, to-my, I-shall-not, 
near-the, that-which-is, you-may-be, to-be, to-do, we-are, 
able-to (halved bl), and-that, they-are-not, better-than (b, tr, n 
hook), there-was, that-he, when-they-were, who-was, of-his, 
so-much (s, m, ch), that-he-would, of-those, for-him, of-there, 
by-his, when-they, any-one, would-say, in-his-favor, every- 
one, for-the, were-not, did-not, to-make, down-the, from-the, 
I-can, as-the, said-the, at-all (t, / hook), I-have, told- him, 
then-the, to-me, 1-have-not, at-the, I-was-not, it- was, and-that- 
it-is, all-the-same, I-cannot, do you, to the, upon-the, of-the, 
has-not, each-other, how-can, may-not (m halved, nhook), I- 
will, will-be, I-shall-have, shall be, who-are, toss-(of-the)- 
head, with-it, I-think-it-is, and-that-it-will-be, of-those things, 
which- are, I cannot-see, do-not, think-(of-the)-general, how- 
much (ow, m, ch), it- would, who-have {who, v hook), in-it, 
it-is, how good, have-been, during-the, it- will, there-is, you, 
will-have, of-this, that-several, could-not, would-not, that- 
we, it-is-to-be, if -we, we-can, are-not, on-the-other-hand (on % 
thr halved, n hook), as-it-is, I-shall, that-the, all-that-we- 
have, that-we-can, who-was, very-much (m, ch), of-their, 
at-his, with-the, I-am, it- would not, when-it-is, through-the, 
is-the, had-been, disease-(of-the)-eyes, could-do, if-he, re- 
lief-(of-the)-animal, that-he-would, disease-(of-the)-human, 
and-the, for-the, to-the, when-the, of-itself, in-its, by-the, 
by-his, that-is, for-some-time (fr, sm halved, m), instinct-(of, 
the)-animal, at-once (t, n hook closed), at-length, long-time- 
who-is, in-his-own, one-(of-the)-newspapers, account-(of, 
the)-expense, among-the, to-take, him-(of-the)-absurd, doz- 



24 PHRASES. 

en-(of-the)-attendants, him-(of-the)-following, and-their, that- 
(of-the)-patient, (p, up ish, halved n), that-the-man, who- 
were (who, downward R), was-the, to-be-sure, if-that-is-the- 
case, where-the, you-must 9 I-have-been, of-you, one-(of- 
the)-papers, they-were, heard-(of-the)-place, as-soon-as. 

The following phrases should not be practiced until after 
page 47 is reached : 

Member-(of-the) -society, for-then, that-it-is, for-such, prin- 
ciples-(of-the)-reform, more-than, for-the-case, there-is-some- 
thing, laws-(of-the) society, of-which, will-be, to-it, I-had, I- 
would (I, d), view (of- the) -subject, for- which, it- would-be, we- 
have-no-doubt, this-subject, we-shall, of-that, in-this-case, 
would-have-been, and-that-it-was, good-deal, do-you, as-well- 
as, favor-(of-thej-3oth, you-make, be-able-to (b, halved bl), 
that-we, would-have, for-it, we-have. from-you, we-are, 
very-truly-yours, that-the-matter, that-it-was, no-doubt, it- 
will-be, which will-be, that-which-will, would-be, has-not- 
been, what-is, we are-not, dear-sir, we-have-seen, York- 
City (R down, s, t), by-you, by-hirn, and the-matter, in-his, 
by-those, it-may-be, which-are-not, young-men, young-man, 
can-be, who-will, would-not-be, I-will have, at present, 
would-say, I-am-not (I, m halved, n hook), it seems, would- 
not, there-must-be, you-will-be-able, for-that, we-cannot-be, 
has been. 



DICTATION EXERCISES. 25 



Part II. 

The pupil has now mastered, and practiced, enough of 
the principles to enable him to take considerable dictation, 
if the latter is properly selected and graded. There are yet 
a number of advanced principles to be learned, and practiced, 
and these will be found, for Isaac Pitman students, on the 
"Advanced Charts," II to VIII, inclusive. But before 
studying them, the following " Dictation Exercises " should 
be carefully practiced according to the directions given. By 
so doing the learner will soon attain a rate of speed which 
will enable him to take an easy amanuensis position, and it 
need not be very long before he may become an expert 
stenographer. 

DICTATION EXERCISES AND ADVANCED 
PRINCIPLES. 

Before beginning on the first Dictation Exercise, if there is 
any doubt whatever in your mind as to your familiarity with 
the grammalogues and unvocalized words contained in the 
preceding pages, you had better write in your note-book 
an entire page, long-hand and short-hand, of each word- 
sign, in its correct position, repeating each aloud as 
written. In this practice, as in all other, accustom yourself 
to pushing up the page of your note book as you write, 
instead of leaving this till you get to the bottom of the page 
and then wasting a good deal of time, as many do, in 
fumbling about trying to loosen the page so as to turn it. 
By pushing the page up as you write, you will find that, by 
the time you have reached the foot of the page, it is near the 
top of the book and will turn over of itself. This habit is 
best accomplished by following the directions given by the 
inventor of Phonography. He says : 

11 Phonographers are apt. to lose much time in turning over 
the leaves of their reporting books. The following plan is 
perhaps the best that can be adopted : While writing on the 
upper half of the leaf, introduce the first finger of the left 
hand between it and the next leaf, keeping the leaf which is 
being written on steady by the first finger and thumb. While 
writing on the lower part of the page, shift the leaf by de- 
grees till it is about two-thirds of the way up the book. 
When it is convenient lift up the thumb and the leaf will 
turn over almost of itself. The finger should be introduced 
at the first pause the speaker makes, or any other conven- 
ient opportunity that presents itself." 



26 DIRECTIONS FOR PRACTICE. 



DIRECTIONS FOR PRACTICE. 

You cannot accomplish anything in the way of <• getting 
up speed" without the assistance of some friend who is 
willing to read to you one or two hours every day or even- 
ing. If such a friend has been studying shorthand, and 
is about as far advanced as you are, it will be both interest- 
ing and profitable to work together. But a friend or paid 
reader you must have. 

After reading these directions through carefully with 
your dictator, hand this book to him and have him read to 
you, slowly and carefully, the first dictation exercise. As he 
reads, endeavor to keep in mind the following things: 

i. Put down quickly, and without the slightest hesita- 
tion, every word-sign which occurs in the dictation. 

2. Put down also quickly and without hesitation the out- 
line for each new word, which is not a word-sign, as it 
occurs. 

" But," you will say, " supposing it is the wrong outline? 
Should I not stop and think the word all out before writing 
anything ? " 

No ! answering the last question first. If you do, you 
will form a habit of hesitating which will be very difficult 
afterward to overcome. Accustom yourself to putting down 
instantly something for the word as soon as it is uttered. Be 
careful, however, that that "something" contains all the 
consonants in the word; that it is written in the position of the 
accented syllable, and that it represents to you the word for 
which you wrote it. In nine cases out of every ten you will 
either get down the right outline at the first trial, or you 
will soon discover wherein it is wrong. Only put down so?ne- 
thing, and then you may stop an instant to see if you have 
written it correctly. If you then are in doubt, put in such 
vowels as you know should go in, and let it go until you have 
finished taking the dictation. Then, when you are reading 
the exercise over, you may consult your dictionary, or your 
"wordbook," or whatever you know contains the right 
forms, and correct the mistake. 

3. Watch the inflection of your dictator's voice and in- 
dicate the full stops with a x or a ^ without requiring him 
to say " period " every time, which few business men do in 
dictating, and which no minister or lecturer, of course, ever 
stops to do ! 

4. Pay attention to the sense of what is being dictated. 
Try and carry in your mind, to some extent at least, the 
meaning of the words, — the subject matter, — and your in- 
terest in this will, after a while, help you unconsciously to 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. I. 27 

overcome your natural nervousness and hesitation in writing 
the outlines. 

Do not, however, form the habit of repeating after the 
dictator the words which he speaks; or even whisper them 
to yourself. This will only retard your speed, and will not 
materially assist you, beside annoying the one who is dictat- 
ing. 

Note. Of course you will not succeed in doing all these 
things the first time you try, but you should keep aiming to 
observe them, and you will in time succeed. 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 1. 

(Do not fail to phrase all the words in the following 
Exercises which are connected by hyphens.) 

My-dear Pupil, you-will do well to observe what you- 
are here told. All-the word signs given on-the Charts will- 
be found in-this short lesson. You-should study them with 
great care, and-not pass on to what follows until you have 
learned them. There-are a few more yet to come, but a 
great-deal of writing (upward R halved, stroke ing) can-be 
done with-this list. 

He who-would excel must give earnest heed to-his work. 
When you-cannot do a thing at first, you-should try again. 
Write so-that you-can read that-which-you have written. As 
for-me, I-think that " Slow and Sure " is a very good motto. 
Speed is attained only by degrees : " Rome was -not built 
in a day." Take care to put all-the words in their proper 
places. The place of no word sign has-been settled by mere 
guess work, nor could our list be changed with advantage 
from what-it-is. Let each say, " I-shall call perseverance to- 
my aid, and I-am-sure I-shall-not fail now when so near- 
the goal." 

Now, having taken the entire Exercise from dictation, you 
will proceed to read it back from your notes. Try to do this 
without any aid from your friend, except as he may be able 
to assist you from time to time by hinting at the grammat- 
ical construction of a sentence, thus suggesting, without ac- 
tually telling you, what the next word should be. 

When taking the dictation, vocalize as little as possible. 
When reading it back, not only vocalize freely the doubtful 
words, or those upon which you have slipped in reading, 
but write them in longhand if desired. This is perfectly legit- 
imate after the notes have been written, but not at the time 
of writing. Since the main object of writing shorthand is to 
be able to get down quickly what a speaker says, and after- 



28 DICTATI N EXERCISE No. 2. 

ward render it into correct longhand, the beginner should regard 
every Exercise he writes as if it were a most important 
business letter, or document, and as though the weightiest 
results hung upon his accurate transcription of his notes. 

Having managed to stumble through the reading of the 
exercise, reverse the whole operation by reading to your 
friend, if he is a shorthand student, and put him through 
the same routine. If he isn't, excuse yourself for this time 
and, by yourself, 

1. Read the Exercise over once more very carefully. 

2. Copy it in shorthand, leaving out all the mistakes. 

3. Make a list of the mistakes, whether of word-sign or 
phrase or ordinary outline. 

4. Write an entire page in your note-book, longhand and 
shorthand, of each corrected outline. 

5. Write the exercise into longhand. 

6. Write it back into shorthand without referring to the 
original dictation, but afterward carefully compare the whole, 
word for word, with the corrected shorthand copy. 

7. Write this into longhand; and so, backward and for- 
ward, into longhand and shorthand, until it has been done 
at least ten times. 

So much for the drill practice on the first lesson. If you 
are wise, and wish to obtain the best results from these Ex- 
ercises, you will not attempt any other kind of dictation than 
that contained in this book until permission is given. 

Before taking the next dictation, you should procure some 
kind of a shorthand reading book. If you are a M*unson 
writer, you will have the "Complete Phonographer," and 
perhaps the "Phonographic News." 

If a Grahamite, the "Student's Journal" and the "First 
Reader." 

If a Benn Pitmanite, the "Phonographic Magazine," or 
the "Phonographic Reader." 

If an Isaac Pitmanite, " /Esop's Fables in words of one 
syllable," or "The Phonetic Journal," or "Easy Readings 
in the Learner's style of Phonography." 

If a Burnz writer, " Reynard the Fox," etc. 

Having faithfully observed the foregoing suggestions, and 
especially the last seven rules (whether you have done it 
all at one sitting or extended your practice over two or three 
days or evenings) you are now ready for 

DICTATION EXERCISE No. 2. 

(Practice this and all subsequent exercises in the same man- 
ner as the preceding one, using that for a review.) 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 3. 29 

I Live not to eat, but eat to live. 2. Do that-which-is 
right speak that which is true. 3. Be fit to live that you- 
may-be fit to die. 4. To-be of use should-be the aim of 
life. 5. That-which-you have to-do, do with all your 
might. 6. The more we do the more we-are-able-to do. 
7. If you would-be wise, be willing to-be taught. 8. One thing 
at a time, and-that done well, is a very good rule, as many 
can tell. 9. If men would take the same pains to-be what 
they should-be, that they take to appear what they-are-not, 
they would-be much better-than (b, tr, n hook) they are.— 
Phonographic Teacher. 

This Exercise contains 119 words, not counting the figures. 



TRANSPOSED EXERCISE. 

My-dear Pupil, what you-are here told you-will do well 
to observe. All-the word signs you have thus far learned 
will-be found in-this exercise. You-should study tnese with 
great care, and-not pass on to what follows without (" that " 
on the line) learning them. Tohim who-would excel we 
would say : Give earnest heed to-your work. You-should 
try again when at first you-cannot do a thing. Above all, 
put down-the words so-that you-can read that-which-you 
have written. As for-me, I-think that "slow and sure " is 
a pretty good motto, but it-may-be carried too far. You-can- 
be sure without being too slow- Perfection is attained only 
by degrees; even Rome, the Imperial City, was-not built in 
a day. 

Take care to put the grammalogues in their proper places, 
for observe that-the place of none of-them has-been 
settled by mere caprice; nor could the list be changed with 
advantage. This-has-been tried with no good result. So 
let each resolve to call perseverance to-his aid, and deter- 
mine (halved d, down R, m, n hook) not to fail when so 
near-the goaL 

DICTATION EXERCISE No. 3. 

Review Exercise No. 2, and practice this Exercise, and all 
subsequent ones, in the same manner as No. 1. 

Write, in the following Exercise, overcame original VR above 
the line without a vowel, and the stroke k beneath it on the 
line. 

Himself, Mon the line, with a large ses circle joined. 

When phrasing " those," always vocalize it to distinguish 
it from "these." 



30 DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 4. 

Do not forget, when phrasing " him," to vocalize it, lest it 
become confused with " me." 

Use original vr and stroke ing directly beneath it for the 
word "everything." 

"Try" 

There- was once a good little dwarf named "Try," who- 
was so powerful that-he overcame everything that-he at- 
tempted; and yet was so small that people laughed when- 
they-were told of-his wondrous powers. But-the tiny man 
was so kind at heart and loved so-much to serve those who 
were less able than himself, that-he-would go and beg of- 
those who knew him better, to plead for-him, that-he might 
be allowed to help them out of -their troubles; and when once 
he had made them happy by-his noble deeds, they no longer 
despised him, or drove him away with sneers, but loved 
him as their best friend. Yet the only return this good 
dwarf sought for all his services was, that when-they knew 
any-one who wanted a helping hand, they would-say a good 
word in-his-favor, and commend them to "Try." — Phono- 
graphic Teacher. ( I 54-) 

With each Dictation Exercise the student should read a 
page at least of his shorthand reading book, 

DICTATION EXERCISE No. 4. 

" Much " when phrased is always written m, ch. 

Write " wonderful " with only a double-length stroke way 
and the N Hook. 

Write " welcome, welcomed " with double consonant wl, 
and the stroke K, separated and written alongside the wl. 

"Did-not," "didn't," halved D with N Hook,- through 
the line. 

The Little Imp ; or, "I Forgot." 

There-was once a naughty little imp named "I Forgot," 
who-was so mighty that-he overthrew nearly every-one he 
tried to, and yet was so small that people smiled when-they- 
were told of-his wonderful ability; for-the little elf was so 
bad at heart, and liked so-much to discourage those who were- 
not so strong as himself, that-he-would go to-those who did- 
not know him, and induce them to accept of-his mean ex- 
cuses when-they got into trouble. But when once he had 
made them miserable by-his wicked acts, they no longer 
harbored him, or welcomed him with joy, but drove him 
away with jeers. Yet the only result it ever brought was to- 
make him more earnest in leading weak people astray, and 
in trying: to get them to sav, " I did-n't think," or, "I forgot." 

(148.) 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 5. 3 1 

TEN SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING SPEEDING. 

1. Hold the pencil upright so as not to break the point. 

2. Write smoothly, gliding from one word to the next. 

3. Fut down the Grammalogues quickly. 

4. Keep the eye on the pencil and book while waiting for 

the next word. 

5. Acquire facility in turning the page. 

6. Do not allow the hand to wander aimlessly over the 

page. 

7. Phrase certain words as indicated by the hyphens. 

8. If the speaker takes a minute to utter a word, do not 

take a minute to write it. 

9. Do not write in a jerky manner. 

10. Never moisten the point of the pencil with the lips or 
tongue. 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 5. 
^it-all, t above the line with the L Hook. 

The Wolf and the Lamb. 

One hot day a wolf came to quench his thirst at a clear 
brook that ran down-the side of a hill. By chance a young 
lamb stood there. The wolf had a wish to eat her, but felt 
some qualms, so, for a plea, he made out that-the lamb was 
his foe. 

"Stand off from-the banks, sir," said he, "for as you 
tread them you stir mud in-the stream, and all I-can get to 
drink is thick and foul." 

The young lamb said, in a mild tone, that she did-not see 
how that could-be the case, as-the brook ran down-the hill to 
her from-the spot where he stood. 

"But," said- the wolf, "how dare you drink of -it at-all, 
till I have had my fill ? " 

Then-the poor iamb told-him. that as yet her dam's milk 
was both food and drink to her. 

"Be that as it may," said-the wolf, " you-are a bad lamb; 
for last year I heard that you spoke ill of-me and all 
my race." 

"Last year! dread sir," quoth the lamb, "why, I-have- 
not yet been shorn, and at-the time you name I-was- 
not born." 

The wolf, who found it-was of no use to tell lies, fell in 
a rage, and, as he came up to-the lamb, he said. 

" All you sheep have-the same dull kind of face, and how 
is one to know which- is-which ? If lt-was-not you, it-was 



32 DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 6. 

your dam, and-that-is all-the-same thing, so I-shall-not let 
you go from here." 

He then flew at-the poor, meek lamb, and made a meal 
of her. 

Might beats right. — Phonographic Teacher. ( 2 93-) 



These exercises properly practiced will be found to in- 
crease the pupil's vocabulary of words. Writing them ten 
or twenty times is better than attempting to commit to 
memory long lists of shorthand outlines from the dictionary. 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 6. 

About., halved B with Diphthong ow joined. Never, N, V. 
Informed, N, F. Became, B, K beneath. Distinguish, d, st 
loop, stroke ing. 

The foregoing words are what is known as " Contractions. " 
They correspond to such abbreviations in longhand as 
"Rev.," "Gov.," etc. This method of abbreviation is 
used extensively in every system of shorthand, and is found 
to be a very useful and safe way of writing long words. 
Such Contractions as occur in the Dictation Exercises from 
time to time will be indicated, as above, but on page 65 will be 
found a complete list of all the Contractions used by Isaac 
Pitman writers. On Chart VIII a few of the more common 
ones are given accompanied by an exercise containing them. 

First Parody on the "Wolf and the Lamb." 

Once upon a time a Wolf came to get a drink at a tiny 
rivulet that tumbled down-the side of a hill. It happened 
that a young sheepling stood there. The horrid wolf had a 
desire for a dinner of spring lamb, but felt some stings of 
conscience, so for a plea he made out that-the sheepling was 
his enemy. 

" Get away from there," said-the Wolf; "for as you gam- 
bol about you stir mud in-the brook, and I-cannot get a de- 
cent drink." 

The young lamb said, in a gentle voice, that she did-not 
see how that could-be the fact, as-the brook ran down-the 
hill to her f rom-the place where he stood. 

"But," cried the Wolf, " why do-you drink of -it at-all, 
till I-have-had all I want? " 

Then-the poor sheepling informed him that she depended 
for her food and drink upon her dam's milk alone. 

"Never mind that," said-the Wolf," you-are a naughty 
animal; for last year I- was informed that you told fibs of- 
me and all my pack." 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. J. 33 

" Last year !'' said-the yearling, " Why, I-have-not yet been 
shorn, and at-the period you speak of I-was-not in existence." 

The fierce animal, who found it-was of no use to deceive, 
became very angry, and, as he came up to-thesheepling, he ex- 
claimed, with a grin, 

" All you sheep have-the same dull sort of countenance, 
and how is a body to distinguish one from -the other ? If it- 
was-not you it-was your mamma, and-that-is-all-the-same- 
thing, so look your last at-the sun." 

He then sprang upon-the poor meek lamb, and ate her up. 

(212) 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 7. 

Contractions: Somewhat, s circle, halved m; afternoon-, 
halved f above the line, stroke n with n hook, beneath the 
halved f. 

Second Parody on " The Wolf and the Lamb." 

On a warm summer afternoon, a wolf approached a lim- 
pid stream, that gurgled down the face of a mountain, to 
procure a drink. An infant sheep happened to-be standing 
there. 

The grisly creature wanted to devour her, but was some- 
what ashamed of-himself, so, for an excuse, he made be- 
lieve that-the lamb was his enemy. 

" Skip out-(of-the)-way," cried he, "for as you frisk about 
you get dirt in-the water, and all I-can find to drink is worse 
than Croton." 

The young lamb protested, in a soft voice, that she did- 
not perceive how that was possible, as-the creek flowed 
down-the hill from-him to-the point where she was standing. 

44 Ho," snarled the wolf, "what business have you . to 
touch it at-all, before I-have satisfied my thirst?" 

Then-the frightened thing informed him that thus far her 
dam's milk was all-the nourishment she needed. 

"I-don't care a pin for-that," replied the ferocious beast, 
" you are a wicked lamb; for last summer they told-me that 
you slandered me and all my relatives." 

"Last summer, dread sir," quoth the lamb, "why, the 
shearing season has-not yet arrived, and, at-the date you 
mention, I-was-not alive." 

The wolf, who discovered it did no good to attempt addi- 
tional deceit, bristled with rage, and, as he drew near his 
victim, he growled, 

" All your family strongly resemble each-other, and how- 
can I recognize them when I see them? If it-was-not you, 



34 DICTATION EXERCISE KO. 8. 

it-was some of your folks, and-that-is quite enough, so you 
shall-not escape me." 

He then attacked the ill-fated lamb, and tore her to pieces. 

Moral. A bird in-the hand is worth two in-the bush. 

( 2 99) 

It is perfectly legitimate, when reading one's notes after 
they have been written (either at a pause in the dictation, or 
when transcribing the entire dictation), to insert vowels here 
and there, or even to write a word in longhand which might 
easily be forgotten, or until there is time to look up the cor- 
rect outline. Contractions may be indicated by writing a 
small x beneath them until they become familiar, 

When joining the tick "the" to the word-signs all, of, 
to, by, be sure to write it downward. In all other cases 
write it in the direction which will form an acute angle with 
the preceding stroke. 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 8. 

In connection with this Exercise, the pupil should now be- 
gin to memorize, by practicing an entire page of each, 
longhand and shorthand, the following word-signs which 
(for the Isaac Pitman student) will be found on Advanced 
Charts II and III. These word-signs should be practiced in 
the manner indicated, a few each day, so that by the time 
Dictation Exercises Nos. 8 and 9 have been studied, the new 
Grammalogues will all be learned, and Dictation Exercise 
No. 10 can be written without the slightest hesitation, for it 
contains them all. 

According to, after, awe, because, been, beyond, come, 
different, difference, difficult, doctor, during, equal, equally, 
ever, every, general, gentleman, gentlemen, great, however, 
important, importance, improve, improved, improvement, 
language, large, Lord, member, Mr., myself, nature, num- 
ber, numbered, O ! oh ! owe, opinion, opportunity, particu- 
lar, Phonography, pleasure, principal, principle, quite, 
remember, remembered, several, spirit, thank, thanked, 
therefore, toward, two, too, under, usual, very, whether, 
without. 

Try Again. 

'Tis a lesson you-should heed, try, try, try again; 
If at first you don't succeed, try, try, try again. 

If -you find your task is hard, try again; 

Time will bring you your reward, try again. 
All that other folks can do, 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 9. 35 



Ever keep this rule in view, -try again. ( m, N hook. 



.! 



The foregoing lines should be practiced until they can be 
written from dictation in thirty seconds. 



The Maid and Her Milk Fail. 

One day, as a young maid went down-the road with her 
pail of milk on her head, she was heard to say, " This pail 
of milk will fetch me so-much, which sum I- will lay out in 
eggs; these eggs will bring a score of chicks, and they will- 
be fit to sell just at-the time when fowls bear a good price 
so-that on May day I-shall-have a new gown. Let me see, 
yes, green will suit me best and green it shall-be. In-this 
dress I-shall go to-the fair, and all who-are there will pay 
their court to-me; but with a proud look I-shall turn from 
them." Wrapt in-this dream of joy, she gave a toss (of the) 
head to suit the words, when down came the pail of milk 
and with-it the eggs, the chicks, the green gown and all-the 
bright thoughts of what she should do at-the fair. 

Count not your chicks till they-are out (of-the) shell. (178) 



Practice the foregoing until it can be written from dicta- 
tion in one minute and three-quarters. 

In practicing for speed, much time is usually lost by be- 
ginners in passing from one outline to another. When one 
word is finished, pass smoothly and without hesitation, with 
the pencil as close to the paper as possible, to the next word. 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 9. 

Publishes, p, b, circle S. 

The practice of writing each dictation into longhand at 
least five or ten times should not be discontinued. Nothing 
else will insure the accuracy which is so necessary to a suc- 
cessful stenographer. 

Psalm 19. 

The spacious firmament on high, 

With all-the blue ethereal sky, 

And spangled heavens, a shining frame 

Their great Original proclaim. 

The unwearied sun, from day to day, 

Does his Creator's power display; 

And publishes to every land 

The work of an Almighty Hand. 



36 DICTATION EXERCISE NO. IO. 

Soon as-the evening shades prevail. 
The moon takes up the wondrous tale, 
And nightly to-the listening earth, 
Repeats the story of her birth; 
Whilst a-ll-the stars that round her burn, 
And all-the planets in their turn, 
Confirm the tidings as they roll, 
And spread the truth from pole to pole. 

What though in solemn silence, all 
Move round this dark terrestrial ball, — 
What though no real voice nor sound 
Amid their radiant orbs be found, — 
In Reason's ear they all rejoice, 
And utter forth a glorious voice, 
Forever singing, as they shine, — 
4 ' The Hand that made us is Divine. " — Addison. 

If the student can have this familiar poem sung to him, 
and will take it down in shorthand as it is sung, he will find 
it excellent practice. Try " Nearer, my God, to Thee " and 
other pieces in the same way, at home and in church. 



DICTATION EXERCISE No 10. 

Before taking the following dictation, it would be well to 
have every Exercise thus far given dictated at the rate of 
from sixty to eighty words a minute, both for the sake of 
the practice and by way of review. 

Then have the following Exercise dictated very slowly, 
taking care to put every word-sign in its proper position, 
and to phrase all the words connected by hyphens. Then 
practice it according to the directions given for practicing 
the first Exercise, and in addition, write an entire page, long- 
hand and shorthand, of the new phrases contained in the 
Exercise. Do not attempt to take the next dictation until 
this one can be written with ease in four minutes. 

Write the phrase " On the other-hand " with an original 
thr, halved, with an N Hook, joined to the gramma- 
logue on. 

11 My Dear Tom." 

My-dear Tom, I-shall give you my opinion on Phonography. 
I-think-it-is an important improvement, and-that-it-will-be a 
very good thing for myself, and equally so for every gentle- 
man who-would improve himself in-the nature and spirit of- 
those-things which-are good and true. I cannot see why 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. II. 37 

more do-not think (of-the) general use and importance of -it, 
and how-much it-would improve them beyond others, as it 
ever will improve all who-have pleasure in-it, and whose 
usual principle it-is to think things out, and put them down 
with their hands. Think how-good you, too, might have- 
been at it, if-you had improved every particular opportunity 
which-you have had during the year. It-will give me much 
pleasure, and O, how happy I-shall-be to see that you-are 
doing what you-can to improve in your Phonography. 
There-is a great advantage in-it, because, if-you go on with- 
it, and do-not give it up, after a short while you- will-have 
much good from it. However, you-may-not see the truth 
of-this at first. 

A while ago, I- was told by Dr. T., Mr. J., your principal, 
and other gentlemen, that-it-wasso very difficult that-several 
of-their members could-not, and so would-not, go on with- 
it. I-was-not told whether these gentlemen are near Boston 
or not. But though one, two, or any large number may 
call it difficult, yet the truth is given to us that-we should 
use it, and ever do according to it. We may think there-is 
a difference of opinion as to how it-is-to-be done, but if-we 
go through it with care, and do what we-can, we -shall see 
that our opinions are-not so very different from each-other, 
but, on-the-other-hand, equal. 

Therefore, think upon these things, and above all remem- 
ber the language of truth as-it-is given to us in-the Word 
of God, without- which we-cannot-be, nor do, as we should. 
When-it-is remembered that-the Lord over all is He whose 
word to us is "Come to-me," and-that to-Him we owe 
all-that-we-have, we-will call upon Him with awe, and 
thank Him by whose mere good pleasure it-is that-we- 
can, under Him, go on toward every improvement. — Manual 
of Phonography . (4 X 7) 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 11. 

Having succeeded in writing " My Dear Tom " in four 
minutes, " A Careful Dog " may be taken from dictation. 
Afterwards, Grammalogue •' after," halved way, circle S. 
Indignant, nd, gay. Something, sm, ing. 

A Careful Dog". 

A gentleman named Mr. Thompson, who-was staying at a 
hotel, took out his purse one day to count his money. Hav- 
ing occasion to go out on some important business, he left 
his dog behind under-the charge of a doctor, an intimate ac- 



3& DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 12. 

quaintance of-his, who-was living at-the hotel. On opening 
his purse shortly afterwards to pay some money, he dis- 
covered that-he had lost a sovereign. He-was indignant 
with himself at having lost so large a sum, apparently by mere 
carelessness; the more so as his dear friend, the doctor, would, 
according to his custom, tease him very-much. On return- 
ing to-the inn, he-was told that there-was surely something 
wrong with-his dog, as it had behaved very strangely during 
his absence, and had refused to-take any food and had 
growled savagely at several gentlemen on-their attempting 
to go near it; while no amount of coaxing seemed to-make 
any improvement. Curiously enough, however, itwould- 
not allow the dish containing its dinner to-be taken awav. 
When-its master entered the room, the dog instantly came 
forward and dropped a sovereign at-his feet. It then 
returned to-its dinner, which it devoured with- the haste of 
sharp hunger. — Phonographic Student. ( 21 °) 

Another excellent method of practicing the Dear Tom Ex- 
ercise is to count off, say 40 words, putting a 1-4 mark at the 
end of the first ten words; a 1-2 mark at the end of the 
next ten words; a 3-4 mark at the end of the next ten words 
and at the end of the last ten words put a figure 1. Proceed 
thus until the entire Exercise is divided off into batches of 
ten words, as indicated. Then by careful scrutiny of the 
watch, the reader can dictate each of these groups of ten 
words consecutively in each quarter of a minute, and the 
writer will thus be writing at the rate of 40 words a minute. 
If it is desired to increase it to 60, dictate to " ij^ " in 
the first minute; to "3 " within the second minute, and 
so on. This method of practice has been found very help- 
ful by stenographers the world over. 

Don't attempt any outside reporting or dictation yet; per- 
mission will be given at the proper time. 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 12. 

Continue practicing " Dear Tom " for speed. 
Write the initials " T. J." in longhand. Intelligence, nt, j, 
n hook closed. 

Careful Dog* Letter. 

Dr. T. J. Smith, Boston, Mass. 
My-dear-Friend : — 
I -was happy to hear from-you the other day, and have 
taken the first opportunity to write to-you in reply. 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 12. 39 

You remember that dog of mine of-which you-are so 
fond ? Well, something happened last week that I-cannot 
help writing about, because I-am-sure you-will like to hear 
of-it. I-had occasion to attend to some important business 
away from-the hotel, but I thought it best to leave the ani- 
mal behind. After going a little way I found it necessary to 
pay some money, and on opening my purse shortly after- 
wards, I discovered that I-had in some way or other lost a 
$5 bill. Of-course I-was indignant over my carelessness, 
all-the more because I-was very sure when you heard of-it 
you would tease me, as you generally do when you get the 
chance. However, I thought nothing more of-it until I got 
back to-the hotel, when some gentlemen there informed me 
that there-was surely something up with-the dog, for not 
only had it refused to-take any food, behaving very strange- 
ly during my absence, but had growled savagely at anyone 
who attempted to go near it; no amount of coaxing seemed 
to make any improvement, nor would it allow them to take 
away the dish containing its dinner. When I entered the 
room, however, Jack instantly came forward and, would 
you believe it ? he had that very $5 bill in-his mouth and he 
laid it at my feet as quietly as you please. Then you-should- 
have seen him go ior-his dinner with every appearance of 
sharp hunger ! 

Now do-not laugh at-this, my-dear-friend, for Lam -sure 
you would-have-been just as pleased as I-was at-the dog's 
intelligence. Write now, as-soon-as you get time, and re- 
member me with love to all-the folks. 
As ever, 

Affectionately-yours, (338) 



Always spend 15 or 20 minutes at each lesson in drill prac- 
tice on new outlines and phrases. 

While, in taking dictation, it is never allowable to write 
any word in longhand on the pretence that the pupil cannot 
think of the correct Shorthand outline, it is not only legit- 
imate but advisable to write in longhand words above the 
Shorthand outlines, to insert vowels and, in short, to do any- 
thing and everything to make the notes as clear as possible 
when reading them over after they have been written. To 
that end seize every moment when there is a pause in the 
dictation to run back a few words and either read over the 
last sentence or so, or " fix up" the notes in the manner 
suggested. 



40 DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 13. 

DICTATION EXERCISE No. 13. 

Danger, d, jr. Transported, tr, circle s, p, upward r, 
halved t. With this Exercise, begin to write each new dicta- 
tion at some rate of speed. Make an effort to get it down at 
40, 60 or 80 words a minute, and to this end count off the 
words as directed on page 38. 

Continued Guidance. 

1. When all Thy mercies, O my God, 

My rising soul surveys; 
Transported with-the view, I'm lost 
In wonder, love and praise. 

2. When, in-the slippery paths of youth, 

With heedless steps I ran, 
Thine arm, unseen, conveyed me safe, 
And led me up to man. 

3. Through hidden dangers, toils and death, 

It gently cleared my way, 
And through-the pleasing snares of vice, 
More to-be feared than they. 

4. When worn with sickness, oft hast Thou, 

With health renewed my face, 
And, when in sins and sorrows sunk, 
Revived my soul with grace. 

5. Ten thousand thousand precious gifts 

My daily thanks employ; 
Nor is-the least a cheerful heart 
That tastes those gifts with joy. 

6. Through every period of-my life 

Thy goodness I'll pursue; 
And after death, in distant worlds, 
The glorious theme renew. 

7. Through all eternity to Thee 

A joyful song I'll raise, 
For 0, eternity's too short 

To utter all thy praise. — Addison. (186) 



DICTATION EXERCISES NO. 14 AND NO. 15. 41 

DICTATION EXERCISE No. 14. 

Before taking this dictation study, the principle of -tion 
hook after S circle (Advanced Chart VI). Write each word 
under this principle at least ten times in longhand and short- 
hand. 

The words printed in italics in the following Exercise are 
the only ones to be written according to this principle. 

Interesting, nt, circle s, t, dot ing; reporter, upward r, p, 
downward r made double-length; subject, circle s, b, j; 
literature, upward I, tr, tr; naturally, downward 1, joined to 
the grammalogue for " nature;" wonders, way,double-length, 
with ns circle. ^ Re7narkable, mr, bl. 

Exercise on the S -tion Affix. 

The precision with-which the condensation of a long and 
interesting address can-be made by a well-trained reporter 
is remarkable. There-is-no hesitation nor indecision, whether 
the subject be taxation, the transition period of English 
literature, or the accession of an emperor to-his throne; 
and though -the compensation is often entirely inadequate, 
the process of analyzation goes on, the various facts brought 
out fall naturally into position, and as requisition after re- 
quisition is made, almost without cessation the work is exe- 
cuted, making the newpaper reporter of to-day one (of-the) 
wonders of modern civilization. (98) 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 15. 

Wonderful, way made double-length, n hook; inconse- 
quence, n, circle s, k, ns circle; thankfulness, ith above the 
line, fl, stroke n, circle s\ performed, p, upward r, stroke f. 

Continue practicing on 4< Dear Tom," aiming to write it 
in two and one half minutes. 

Curing 1 a Blind Elephant. 

An elephant belonging to an Indian officer had a disease 
(of the) eyes, and had-been blind for three days. Its owner 
asked a physician if-he could do anything for the relief (of- 
the) animal. The doctor said that-he-was willing to try, on 
one (of the) eyes, the effect of caustic, a remedy commonly 
used for diseases (of the) human eye. The animal was made 
to lie down, and-the caustic was applied to-its eye, but-the 
acute pain which ensued caused the elephant to give a ter- 
rific scream. The effect, however, was wonderful, for-the 
eye was in a great degree restored, and the elephant could 



42 DICTATION EXERCISE NO. l6. 

partially see. Inconsequence of this, next day the doctor 
was ready to-do the same to-the other eye. When-the ani- 
mal was brought and heard the doctor's voice, it lay down 
of-itself, placed its head quietly on one side, curled up its 
trunk, and drew in-its breath like a human being about to 
go through a painful operation. When-the operation was 
over, by shaking its trunk and other gestures, it gave evi- 
dent signs of wishing to show its thankfulness for-the cure 
performed by-the doctor. — Phonographic Reader. (202; 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 46. 

Before taking this dictation thoroughly study the principle 
of writing strokes double their usual length to add, tr, dr, 
thr, thr (Advanced Chart V). Write each word under this 
principle at least ten times in shorthand and longhand until 
every word and its construction is thoroughly familiar. 

The words printed in italics in the following Exercise are 
to be written according to the Double-Length Principle. 

Resignation, r (up), s circle, gay. 

When constructing a word according to the double length 
principle, the work is made much easier and surer if the 
student will remember that the part of the word which is to 
be made double length is what remains after cutting off the 
final tr, dr, thr or thr syllable; thus, painter, cut oft' ter, 
leaving p, n hook; therefore double length stroke p with the 
n hook and the word painter is obtained; rejoinder with- 
out the " der " is ray, jn; therefore double length the j with 
n hook, with ray prefixed, to get rejoinder. 

Exercise on the Double Lengths. 

My mother wrote me a letter last Easter about a matter of- 
which neither of us knew very-much. She said the carpenter, 
who-is a director in my brother's bank, and also the conduc- 
tor of music in- the church of-which the Rev. Mr. Hunter is- 
the rector, had gotten a splinter into his finger, and was 
now a sort of fixture in-his-own chamber. Another gentle- 
man, a friend of- my sister, who-is something of an inventor 
and a little older than I, — a printer by trade, and a member 
(of the) Legislature, — gave an order to one (of the) newspaper 
reporters to put an item in-their village paper, requesting 
him to render an account (of-the) expense directly to-him. 
He also asked him further to see two or three (of the) voters 
(of the) town, about a bit of slander which had come to-his 
notice. Instead of doing this, the fellow tried to tender his 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 1 7. 43 

resignation, having gotten into a temper, because he thought 
the request &\&-\\oi flatter his pride. The elder soon settled 
him, however, and managed to shatter all his hopes. 

This same printer led to-the altar a stout spinster, only a 
week or two later, and they have a very bright future. His 
name, by-the way, is Chamberlin, and he-is a resident of 
Cumberland County. A kinder man never lived. (230) 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 17. 

Contractions : Difficulty, d, f hook, k, through the line; 
establishment, halved stroke s on the line, b. 

In connection with this lesson the student should now be- 
gin a regular and systematic study of the Contractions, a 
complete list of which is given with full Explanations on 
page 65. A smaller list, with the shorthand outlines, will 
be found on Advanced Chart VIII, and these are woven into 
an Exercise on page 47. 

A Dead Man Dining". 

In a lunatic asylum, among-the more remarkable patients, 
was one who-was, with much difficulty, saved from inflicting 
death upon himself, by refusing to-take any food. He-was 
under-the impression that-he-was dead, and declared that 
dead people never eat. It-was obvious to all that-the issue 
must soon be fatal, if no plan was found out to disabuse him 
(of the) absurd notion. The humane doctor resident in-the 
establishment bethought him (of the) following stratagem to- 
save-the madman's life : He got half a dozen (of the) at- 
tendants dressed up in white shrouds, and-their faces and 
hands rubbed with chalk, so-as-to resemble dead men. He 
then made them march in single file, with death-like silence, 
into a room adjoining that (of the) patient, where they sat 
down to a hearty meal. The door was purposely left open, 
that-the-man who thought he-was dead might see them. 

" Hollo !" cried he presently, to an attendant, " who-are 
these?" " Dead men," was-the reply- "What!" said he 
" do dead men eat? " "To-be-sure they do, as you see," 
answered the attendant. " If-that's-the-case, then," cried 
he, " I'll join them, for I'm starving." In-this-way the 
spell was instantly broken, and-the patient saved from death 
by voluntary starvation. — Phonographic Reader. (222) 

Before taking up the next Exercise, and while still study- 
ing the Contractions, and continuing practice on "Dear 
Tom," read carefully the following : 



44 ADDITIONAL HINTS FOR SPEEDING. 

ADDITIONAL HINTS ON WRITING FOR SPEED 
AND FROM DICTATION. 

1st. Secure a Reader, or person to dictate. Then put in- 
to his hands the matter which you wish to write, — for the 
first few dictations being such matter as has already been 
gone over by the student and made familiar; afterward, ab- 
solutely new matter is the best. 

2d. With book in hand, place yourself in a listening at- 
titude before the reader, with pencil well sharpened, and all 
attention. It is better to accustom oneself to write with the 
book on the knee, and for this purpose a stiff-covered note- 
book is preferable. 

3d. Instruct the dictator to read, in a slow and measured 
style, the matter to be written, going only so fast as the 
writer can follow with a little effort, and with special care as 
to accuracy of outline. In the case of new or unfamiliar 
words, one or more vowels should be inserted while 
writing, but do not allow yourself to become a slave to the 
habit of incessant vocalizing. Kjudiciotis use of vowels is 
very essential and helpful, but a careful observance of the 
positions of words is of the highest importance. At every 
pause in the dictation, the writer should put vowels into 
words already written that may seem to be somewhat am- 
biguous in outline. 

4th. Watch the inflection of the speaker's voice, and do 
not fail to indicate full stops. This is done in rapid writing, 
by making a long " scratch" period, like a double-length 
chay* The beginnings of paragraphs should also be marked, 
and a good way to do this is by dropping to the next line 
and making a regular paragraph mark, thus \ at the begin- 
ning of the line. 

5th. Above all, endeavor to keep in mind the sense of 
what is being dictated, and if this is found difficult, after the 
reader has dictated half a dozen sentences, close your book 
and repeat in your own words the substance of what you 
have just written. This should be done often until you can 
follow the sense of the dictation without effort. 

6th. When proper names occur, indicate them by placing 
beneath such outlines (under the line) two short parallel 
marks, as shown on Chart 6. It is very important that pro- 
per nouns should thus be denoted, and if there is not time 
to both insert a vowel and put in the capitalizing marks, by 
all means use the latter. 

7th. Whenever possible, write proper names in short- 
hand, but where these are spelled peculiarly, " scribble " the 
longhand quickly, so that no time may be lost. 



DICTATION EPERCISE NO. l8. 45 

8th. Do not get into the habit of repeating half aloud the 
words as they are dictated. It will retard your own speed, 
and greatly annoy the dictator. 

The secret of rapid writing, after the principles have been 
thoroughly mastered, is to put down instantly the first outline 
which presents itself to the mind. There is positively no dan- 
ger in doing this if the preliminary study has been thoroughly 
well done, and any mistakes which are made in thus writing 
the outlines can be easily corrected when the dictation is 
again gone over for transcription. 

SPEEDING. 

There are several ways of getting up speed, none of 
which, however, should be attempted until the student can 
write with comparative ease from dictation and without 
halting over the Grammalogues, or stopping to think out the 
outlines. 

One of the best methods is to take an Exercise (like the 
one on double-length strokes, or the one on the Gramma- 
logues), and let the dictator, with watch in hand, begin to 
read as fast as the writer can take it easily. Continue this 
for exactly one??iinute, then count the number of words which 
have been written in that minute. Mark the place, and be- 
gin again at the beginning, reading this time a little faster, 
and endeavor to write one, or two or ten more words within 
the minute. Do this again and again with the same passage, 
one minute at a time, until it is evident that a higher rate of 
speed cannot possibly be attained on that passage; then be- 
ginning from where the reader left off the last time, take 
another minute's dictation, proceeding in this way, minute 
by minute, until the entire Exercise has been written. Then 
write the whole from beginning to end, from dictation, sev- 
eral times, gaining in speed each time. 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 18. 

Contractions: Together, Grammalogue "to," gay; Ex- 
pected, k, circle s, p; Morning, mr, n hook, above the line. 

This Exercise is already " counted off" to be dictated at 
the rate of fifty words a minute. To assure this rate, the 
dictator should start the writer with the second hand of his 
watch exactly at "60," should dictate as far as " J^ " by 
the time the second hand has reached " 15 " on the dial; to 
" j£ " by the time thirty seconds have passed; to " % " by 
45 seconds; to " 1 " by the end of the first minute, and so on, 



46 DICTATION EXERCISE NO. l8. 

without stopping until the entire Exercise has been written. 
Do this over and over again, until the Exercise can be wrtten 
correctly and with ease not only at 50, but at 100 words a 
minute. 

The "one hundred " may be indicated by the figures 100. 

Honesty. 

A merchant was once traveling through a part of Russia 
which-was (J^) very thinly peopled. On-the road he arrived 
one night at-the hut (^Q of a peasant, and, being pleased with- 
the-man, took up his(%) abode with him. In-the morning, 
after having resumed his journey, he found (1) that he had 
lost his purse containing about one hundred pieces (J^) of gold. 
The peasant's son, while out hunting, found the purse, but 
instead of (}/£) lifting it he went and told his father about its 
discovery. He-(J£)-was equally unwilling to touch it, and 
told his son to cover it (2) with some bushes to see if-the 
owner would turn up. A \\£) few months after this the tra- 
veler returned, and stayeaT'at-the-same hut, {}Q but-the 
peasant did-not recognize him. While talking together, the 
merchant (%) happened to mention the loss he had sustained 
on his former journey. The (3) peasant listened very at- 
tentively, and when-he had heard all-the (%) particulars (of 
the) loss, he said : 

" My son will show you the spot where (J4) your purse 
lies. No hand has touched it but-the one which (%) covered 
it, that you might recover what you had lost." 

They went together (4) to-the place where the money was, 
and the traveler was filled (J^) with joy on recovering the 
money which he had never expected to find. (%) ( 22 5) 



In the following letter write the initial " T " in longhand. 
Phrase "you- were" with the dipththong "you," and down- 
ward R; " there- were," duplicate thr, downward R. " I- 
would," I, d. " Forgive," duplicate fr, gay, joined. 

A Friendly Letter. 

Mr. John T. Smith, Boston, Mass. 
Dear John : 
You-must forgive me (J^) for not having written you be- 
fore, but it-is only because I-have-(J^)-been so very busy, 
and-not because I did-not ihink of-(%)-you. I-have thought 
of-you many times, and-have wondered how you got along 
(i)after I left you that night. There-was one thing I QQ 
forgot to mention when you-were on here, namely, about 
your plans for-((^)-the Summer. Have you heard of any 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 19. 47 

good place where you would (%) like to go ? I saw a notice 
in one (of the) papers the (2) other day about some place in 
New York State, where there-(3^) were good hotels and a 
lot of nice people, but as I never (J£) heard (of the) place 
before, I thought I-would write and see (J^) if you knew 
anything about it. If I remember right it-was called (3) 
White Lake. The notice stated that there- was plenty of good 
fishing (i£) and boating, to say nothing of lawn tennis, and 
all-the rest. Will (^) you try and find out all you can about 
it, and as-soon-(%)-as you learn anything, write me. 
With love to all, I remain, 

Your affectionate Brother, (4) 
4 minutes. 50 words a minute. (200 words) 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 19. 

It may be assumed that the student has now learned and 
thorougly practiced at least all the Contractions contained on 
Advanced Chart VIII, if not the most common ones con- 
tained in the list on pages 65 to 71. This being the case, 
he should take very carefully from dictation the follow- 
ing <4 Exercise on the Contractions," which contains all of 
those given on Advanced Chart VIII, and the four following 
ones in addition, viz., Owing, in^ above the line; Perform- 
ance, p, r (up), f, circle S; Majority, m, with a separated 3 be- 
neath it; satisfactory, Circle s, t, circle s, r (up). 

This Exercise is counted off at the rate of 80 words a 
minute, and should be practiced in the same manner as the 
** Dear Tom " Exercise until it can be taken easily at the rate 
of 150 words a minute. 

Exercise on the Contractions. 

Dear Madam : 

The administrator and administratrix (of the) defendant 
acknowledge the circumstance that-they had advertised in a 
commercial paper (^)for-the last week of December the 
goods-chattels-and-credits (See Advanced Chart I) (of the) 
plaintiff, both domestic and otherwise, in-the (%) establish- 
ment (of the) deceased individual. The character (of the) 
goods was altogether satisfactory, several articles naturally 
bringing high prices, and (%) probably the prospect for-the 
heirs (of the) deceased is rather more-than expected, espe- 
cially owing to-the essential fact (1) that the executor and 
executrix will mortgage the property. The indenture of 
mortgage will immediately be executed, and inasmuch (%) 
as-the architecture is (of the) old Catholic style and-not origi- 



4o DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 20. 

nal, will fetch a good price, and we-(3^f)-have-no-doubt sur- 
prise the undersigned, for- which we should be thankful. 

We understand, or rather understood, that a welcome (%) 
subscription for-the stranger by several reverend, respected 
and popular gentlemen is to-be made, and to-our knowledge 
there-(2)-is-no objection or reason why we ourselves should- 
not perform some kind act, the performance of-which, in- 
this (J^J peculiar case, notwithstanding the mistake made 
by-the majority, will meet with great satisfaction. They 
say the eldest child comes (J<Q of age in September. This- 
subject, together with whatever may follow, and whenever it 
may happen, will give the administrator (%) no trouble, in-the 
regular course of things. The phonographer took phono- 
graphic notes at-the death (of the) testator, They (3) have- 
been published in a remarkable publication which-is repre- 
sented by a representative (of the) Republic. Nevertheless, 
next week we-(J^)-shall call a meeting (of the) executors, no- 
thing happening to-the contrary. By November everything 
will-be settled. (J£) The interest on-the houses will-be some- 
thing large, but somewhat irregular. 

I noticed yesterday, in-the first chapter of-(%)-that maga- 
zine article, that-the whole kingdom seems to-have an in- 
terest in-this-case. An intelligent man informed me (4) that 
an influential friend af-his, who has influence with-the me- 
tropolitan people, and whose efficiency cannot-be doubted, 
was (J^) in danger of destruction because of deficient in- 
struction in Phonography. This information was brought 
by a messenger, though I object (J^) to such a mechanical 
mode. The manufacture of anything involving great diffi- 
culty is opposed to-the doctrine of good government. (%) 
Yours-respectfully, (382) 

The foregoing Exercise will be found written correctly in 
Shorthand (for Isaac Pitman students) on the Chart follow- 
ing Advanced Chart VIII, in " Serial Lessons." 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 20. 

AN ADDITIONAL EXERCISE ON THE CONTRACTIONS. 

This Exercise is also counted off at the rate of 80 words a 
minute. Practice same as Exercise No. 1. 

Mr. W. L. Mason, 156 Fifth Avenue, City. 
Dear Sir : 

I acknowledge the receipt of your interesting letter (of 
(3^) the) 22d inst., about the Rev. Mr. Smith, who adver- 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 20. 49 

tised for a phonographer in-the Phonetic Journal. I- 
think (%) there-will-be a good-deal of difficulty in finding 
one who can do the regular work in a satisfactory (%) way. 
Several days ago, a stranger came to-me, and said some- 
thing about a magazine which he-was going to (i) establish, 
ana I understood him to say that whenever his publication 
came out, he- would-be ready to employ a (%) phonographer, 
especially if she were efficient. He said, however, that under 
no circumstances would he accept any-one who could-()^)-not 
give satisfaction. Now, it-is very difficult, if-not impossible, 
to obtain immediately an intelligent girl who-is a (%) good 
typewriter, especially for a large business in which the man- 
ufacture of articles like yours is carried on. 

Last November (2) there came to-me a pretty rapid writer, 
who I thought would prove to-be quite remarkable. She re- 
presented herself (%) as having a thorough knowledge (of 
the) Isaac Pitman System. She said she had-been in Gov- 
ernment employ; that her (J^) prospects were good; but that 
notwithstanding all this, some individual, whom she did-not 
name but who-was quite influential (%), had used his in- 
fluence to get some-one else in her place, and-that alto- 
gether she felt pretty badly about (3) it; and while she had no 
objection to performing the regular and natural duties of an 
ordinary stenographer, she did (^) object to being given 
architectural work, inasmuch-as she never expected to-do 
anything of-that kind, and had had (%) no instruction 
in-that sort of work. 

I gave her a trial, but, like all-the rest, she knew next (%) 
to nothing about indentures or administrators and adminis- 
tratrices; executors and executrices; mortgages and testators, 
and therefore, in spite of her (4) representations. I-had to let 
her go yesterday. I-think she would make a first class do- 
mestic, for she is (J£) a peculiar individual, and might be 
quite popular in-that line. 

Now I-hope-you-will pardon me for writing {$£) you such 
a long letter about such a small matter, but since you ask me 
for information, I naturally wanted to {%) give you all I-had. 
Any-one who-is engaged, as we-are, in commercial work, 
can understand the difficulty (5) of getting just the right 
party. 

Hoping to hear from-you again, I remain, 

Yours-respectfully, (416 words) 



50 LISTS OF GRAMxMALOGUES. 

A COMPLETE LIST OF ALL THE GRAMMALOGUES 

USED IN THE ISAAC PITMAN SYSTEM. 

Gram ma log ues, or arbitrary word-signs, are as necessary 
to a practical system of shorthand as $, $, and similar signs are 
to longhand. The object of makers of shorthand systems 
has usually been to restrict these necessary evils to the small- 
est possible number, and to make this number as little ar- 
bitrary as might be. Most of the text-books of to day, how- 
ever, include in their lists of Grammalogues quite a large 
number of words which are merely outlines expressing all 
the consonants of a word written in position, without the 
vowels, and therefore not arbitrary in any sense of the word, 
being really nothing else than the regular word forms, in 
their correct positions, without the vowels. In this sense, 
virtually all the words of the English language might be 
said to be Grammalogues, since a reporter is obliged to omit 
the vowels from many outlines expressing all the consonants 
of a word written in position. The addition of such words 
to a list of word-signs is consequently a contradiction of 
terms, and entirely unnecessary. By learning to write all 
words in their right positions when learning the principles of 
the system, the list of word-signs, or arbitrary (c Gramma- 
logues," which must be memorized by every stenographer 
is materially lessened, as will be seen in the following lists 
of words which should be carefully studied by every short- 
hand student. 



The Grammalogues given in the first list are arbitrary 
word-signs, either as to their form or as to their position. 
Those in the second list, though usually included among the 
Grammalogues, or word-signs, need not be memorized as 
such by the student, for they are merely words which may 
always safely be written without vowels in their proper 
positions. 

List I. 

(In this list, when the letters t and d are printed close to the preceding 
letters, the halving principle is referred to. The r, 1, n and f hooks and 
the circle s are represented in the same manner.) 

able to, bit 2 approve, prv 1 Be, b 2 

according, krt 1 are, r (up) 2 because, ks 1 

according to, krt\ as, s (circle) 1 been, bn 2 

advantage, dv 1 as has, (large cir.) 1 belief, bio 

after,// 1 as his, (large cir.) 1 believe, bl 3 

ago, g 1 as is, (large cir.) 1 believed, bl 3 

any, n 1 at all, tl 1 build, bid 2 



GRAMMALOGUE — LIST I. 



51 



building 1 , bid 2 
called, kid I 
can, k 1 
cannot, htt 1 
cared, krd 2 
cart, krt 1 
chair, chr 2 
cheer, chr 3 
child, chid 1 
Christian (adj.) krl 
Christianity, kr 1 
cold, kid 2 
come, k 2 
could, kt 2 
Dear, dr 3 
deliver-ed, dl 2 
did not, dnt 3 
difference, ^2 
different, d2 
difficult, d/3 
do not, dnt 2 
Doctor, dr 1 
during, dr 3 
equal-ly, kl 2 
equalled, kit 2 
First, st (loop) 2 
for,/?- 2 

from ,/r (duplicate) 
General, jn 2 
generally,/?* 2 
generation, jshn 2 
gentleman, jnt 1 
gentlemen, jnt 2 
give-n, gave, g 2 
glorified, gl 2 
glorify, gl 2 
glory, gl 2 
go, g 1 
gold, gld 2 
great, grt 2 
guard, grd 1 
had not dnt 1 
has, s (circle) 1 
has his, (large cir.) 1 
have, v 2 
himself, m, ses 2 
his, s (circle) 2 



his is, (large cir.) 2 over, vr 1 



holy, h (up) 2 

hour, r (up) 3 

house, hs (up) 2 

however, vr 3 (dup. 

if,/2 

if it,/* 2 

importance, »// 1 

important, mp 1 

impossible, ////>.? 1 

improve, mp 2 

improved, nip 2 

improvement, mp 2 

improvements, mps2 Saviour, sv 2 

in, n 1 Scripture, skr 1 

influence, ns 1 sent, snt 1 

information, nshn 1 several, sv 2 

is, j (circle) 2 shall, ^ 2 

is as, (large circle) 2 shalt, sh 2 

is his (large cir.) 2 short, j^/ 1 



owing, ng 1 
Particular, ^r/ 1 
Phonography, fn 2 
pleasure, zhr 2 
principal, pr 3 
principle, pr 3 
put,/ 3 
Religion, /?* 3 
religious, js 3 
remark-ed, mr 1 
remember, 3^ 2 
remembered, br 2 



it, ^2 

itself, t, ses 2 
Language, ng 1 
large,/ 1 
larger, jr 1 
liberty, br 1 
Lord, / 1 
may not, mnt 2 
me, m 1 
meeting, mt 2 
member, br 2 
mere, mr 2 
met, mt\ 
more, mr 1 
most, mst 1 (loop) 
Mr., mr 2 
much, ch 1 
myself, m 9 ses 1 
Nature, nt 2 
near, nr 2 
nor, nr 1 
number-ed, <?r 3 
Opinion, tin 2 
opportunity, prt 2 
or, r (down) 1 
our, r (up) 3 
out of, tv 3 



significant-ce, sg 1 
signigfied, sg 1 
signify, sg 1 
somewhat, smt 2 
speak sp 3 
special-ly, j^ 2 
spirit, j/r/ 2 
strength, str 2 
sure, jv£r 3 
Tell, tl2 
thank-ed, th 1 
that, tht 1 
their, Mr 2 (dup.) 
them, M 2 
themselves, th, ses 2 
therefore, dup. thr 
double lengfh, 2 
they are, thr 2 (dup.) 
thing, ng 2 
think, th 2 
third, thrd2 (dup.) 
this, ths 2 
those, ths 1 
though, th 1 
thus, ths 3 
thyself, th, ses 1 
till, tl 3 



52 GRAMMALOGUE— LIST 2 AND EXERCISE. 

till it, tit 2 usual-ly, zhl 2 whose, z 3 

to be, b 3 Very, vr 2 (dup.) will, wl 2 

told, tlcl2 was, 2 1 within, thn 3 

toward, trd\ we, w 2 without, tht 2 

tried, /^ 1 whether, wh 2 ye, jk 2 

truth, /r 2 which, ch 2 your, r (down) 2 

Under, W 2 which have, chv 2 

upon, /» 2 whither, ze/^ 3 

^4, an, dot above the line; Ah! same, heavy; Beyond, 
diphthong U ist position; How, diphthong ow on the line; 
The, dot on the line; What, diphthong wo, 1st position; 
Would, same on the line; With, diphthong wT above the line; 
When, same on the line. Of, short, light, oblique dash, 
. made downward from left to right, ist position ; To, same 
on the line. On, short, light, vertical dash, above the line; 
But, same on the line. And, short, light, oblique dash, made 
upward, from left to right, above the line; Should, same, on 
the line. All, same as Of, made heavy; Two, too, same on 
the line. Owe, oh, ! same as on, made heavy; He, same 
on the line. Ought, awe, same as And, made heavy and 
downward; Who, same on the line. 



List II. 



The following are not arbitrary, but are simply the regu- 
lar word forms for the words, written in the right positions, 
but with the vowels invariably omitted. 

Able, above, account, art, at, away, by, call, care, did, 
do, done, down, ever-y, evil, God, good, had, half, hand, 
happen, happened, happy, heaven, high, him, know, let, 
light, may, meet, my, nation, no, not, often, one, won, 
other, out, own, quite, secret, see, send, so, these, they, 
thought, through, thy, true, up, us, use (noun), use (verb), 
wait, want, way, weight, well, went, while, why, won't, 
word, yard, year, yes, yet, young, youth, amount. 



EXERCISE ON THE ADDITIONAL WORD-SIGNS 

CONTAINED IN THE FOREGOING TWO 

LISTS AND NOT INCLUDED IN THE 

''DEAR TOM" EXERCISE. 

I-believe that-the principles of-true religious liberty are to- 
be met with in-the Holy-Scripture, and-that ye and-all-this- 
generation ought to remain strong in-the belief of-our holy 
Christian religion and-in-the most important work of Chris- 



FURTHER SUGGESTIONS. 53 

tianity itself. We should on no account seek to glorify our- 
selves, or to speak of-our-own (n hook) special glory. Thus 
every-one should seek to approve himself to-God our Sa- 
viour, and seek strength from-Him (vocalize hi?ri). When 
on earth He always {jgrammalogue all, with circle s) went 
whither He-was sent, and was glorified by doing-the will of- 
His Heavenly-Father (vn, double-length /). Owing to-its 
great importance, this-subject should receive a larger share 
of attention than is usually given to-it. 

A house will generally indicate or signify the mental state 
of-its occupant. — Reporting Exercises, ( l 34) 



FURTHER SUGGESTIONS. 

Having become thoroughly familiar with the Contractions, 
every opportunity for taking notes of sermons, lectures and 
public meetings should be embraced. At the outset the 
writer will, of course, be unable to keep up with the speaker, 
but a few trials will render the labor less irksome and in- 
crease the speed of the writer. 

"Theobject, at first," says Mr. Pitman, " should not be 
to write as rapidly as possible, but rather to take down only 
so much of what is said as can be readily deciphered after- 
wards. The young reporter should be cautioned against 
leaving off writing in the middle of a sentence, and com- 
mencing another with the speaker. His object should be to 
secure as many complete sentences as possible. Where 
only detached words and parts of sentences are written, no 
sense can be made of the report, but if care be taken to put 
down as much as possible of the sense of the speaker as 
above directed, the mind will be called into more active 
exercise, and the art of verbatim reporting will be more 
speedily attained. 

"The mind and the hand of the Phonographic student 
should be constantly engaged in forming and writing 
outlines, and as they are mentally conceived, the hand can 
trace them on imaginary paper." 

The student should also read as much shorthand as possi- 
ble, either from his Charts or from Phonographic books, for 
practice in reading is second only in importance to practice 
in writing shorthand. The intelligent reading of well writ- 
ten shorthand is, to the brain of the thorough student, what 
the landscape is to the artist. The latter sees in a bit of 
beautiful scenery details which the ordinary observer can- 
not discern, and the whole picture becomes so impressed 
upon his mind that subsequently he can, at will, transfer it 



54 EXERCISES ON THE PREFIXES AND AFFIXES. 

to paper with great accuracy. So everyone studying Pho- 
nography should, in his reading practice, permit new out- 
lines to make the impression on his brain which they inevi- 
tably will, if allowed, and so read that when the time 
comes that he is obliged to write, under high pressure, an 
outline which he has never written but has simply read, he 
will be able to get it down quickly and without special effort. 

Before taking up the following Exercises, the student should 
carefully study the Prefixes and Affixes explained on the 
Chart entitled ' ' Addenda, ' ' the last one of * ' Serial Lessons. 5 ' 
Every one of the words there given should be practiced at 
least ten times, longhand and shorthand, and then the fol- 
lowing Exercises practiced in the usual way. 



EXERCISE ON THE PREFIXES. 

(THE PREFIX WORDS ARE PRINTED IN ITALICS.) 

The introduction of electricity as a motive power bids fair 
to work a revolution in-the methods of modern transporta- 
tion (tr, circle s, p, r up, t, shun hook), both interstate and 
international, Years-ago, when steam was first introduced, 
many self-conceited, self -sustained and self-willed people 
looked upon-the enterprise with suspicion, and interposed ob- 
jections, claiming that it- would interfere with-the current 
modes of locomotion, instead of proving to-be the boon 
which it soon became. The magnificent locomotives (of the) 
present day which-are engaged in interstate traffic, and by- 
means-of-which operations of great magnitude are carried 
on, seem to warrant the more advanced among men of 
science in entertaining the hope that ere long steam itself 
will-have given place entirely to electricity, even as-the tele- 
graph has superseded the pony express. (127) 



EXERCISE ON THE AFFIXES. 

(THE AFFIX WORDS ARE PRINTED IN ITALICS.) 

Ordinary, downward R, halved; nr. 

The regularity with-which the pendulum of a clock swings 
to and fro reminds one (of the) stability (of the) fundamental 
laws of nature, and the singularity of their workings. The 
familiarity with-which the majority of mankind come to view 
these phenomena removes to some extent their novelty. 
The motion (of the) planets, for-instance, does-not attract the 
attention which it-would receive if-it were-not such a com- 
mon occurence; and yet the living and divine Instrtimentality 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 21. 55 

which-is behind these laws is of such grandeur that-His very 
personality (pr, circle s, stroke n underneath to indicate 
" ality ") is scarcely within-the comprehensibility of ordinary 
mortality. Each one therefore as he notes the fidelity with- 
which the seasons come and go, the nightly procession (of 
the) heavenly bodies, and- the various other magnificent ex- 
hibitions of Omnipotence (m, n, p) throughout the universe, 
can hardly fail to realize that life is, after all, but a steward- 
ship, yea, in large measure, an apprenticeship, preparing the 
soul for-the higher duties, the larger life, the greater oppor- 
tunities of a glorious immortality in -the hereafter. (167) 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 21. 

Before practicing Business Letter No. 1, the student should 
thoroughly study and practice the Special Business Phrases 
on Advanced Chart I and on page 74 These will be found 
very useful in business correspondence. 

" Advantages of Shorthand." 

The advantage of a practical acquaintance with-the art of 
shorthand to individuals in all situations of life, but more 
particularly to literary men, is strikingly shown in- the 
career of some who-have, for a course of years, used the 
winged words of stenography, either in reporting for-the 
press, or in-their ordinary writing, and who-have thereby 
attained a mental elevation far beyond what would- 
have-been possible in any other circumstances. Edmund 
Burke, Charles Dickens, and many other eminent writers, 
may-be fairly considered as having been indebted to-their 
engagements with-the periodical press as reporters, in early 
life, for no inconsiderable portion of-their distinction in-the 
literary world. It may, perhaps, not be inappropriate to 
observe that Phonography, with all-the intellectual and so- 
cial benefits that follow in-its train, has resulted from-the 
seemingly trifling circumstance that-the author, Sir Isaac- 
Pitman, at-the age of seventeen, learned Taylor's system of 
shorthand, and-that-he-was incited to-the study chiefly by- 
the perusal of a very eloquent enumeration of some (of the) 
advantages arising from-the practice (of the) art, from-the 
pen of Mr. Gawtress the publisher of an improved edition of 
Byrom's System. — Manual of Phonography \ (204) 



56 DICTATION EXERCISES, NOS. 22 AND 23. 

DICTATION EXERCISE No. 22. 
Business Letter No. 1. 

Mr. George Williams, Albany, New York. 
Dear George : 

I-hope-you-will pardon me for-not writing to-you sooner. 
(3^). The reason is that I have had so-much to-do I-have-not 
written to any-one. You have-(3^)-been in my mind a good- 
deal since I saw you last, and I-shall-be glad to know ii-(%)- 
you reached home all-right. 

I tried to think of everything on your last visit, but there- 
was a point (i) that I did- not remember, and-that was as-to 
your plans for-the next two or three months. Wife (J^) and 
I-had some idea of going to-the seashore this summer. Do- 
you suppose Mary and-the children would (%) enjoy that as- 
well-as anything ? If so, they say Long Beach is about as 
nice a place as one (%) can-be in to have a real quiet time. 
Perhaps you know something about the place yourself. If- 
you do, (2) I wish you would let me know. 

Trusting this will find you in good health and spirits, I 
remain, 

Affectionately-yours, (J^) 

(80 words a minute.) ( x 8i) 

DICTATION EXERCISE No. 23. 
Business Letter No. 2. 
Mr. C. H. Chandler, 15 Broadway, New York. 
Dear-Sir : — 
Your favor (of the) 30th inst. at hand, and in-(J£)-reply 
would-say, that-the store and basement 52 Pine Street must- 
be rented together. We think that if-(^)-you-make us an 
offer of $2,200 on a lease of two years, we might be-able-(%)- 
to obtain the store and basement for-you, and-in case you 
had no use for-the basement, we feel (1) that- we would- 
have no difficulty in securing you a tenant for-it. 

We have several parties talking in reference to-(J/Q-the 
rental of-this store, and we would urge prompt action should 
you desire to secure it. 

Hoping to (J£) hear from-you soon, we-are, 
Yery-truly-yours, 
(80 words a minute.) (129 words.) 



Business Letter No. 3. 

John Brown, Esq., Elizabeth, N. J. 
My-dear-Sir : 
In-(i^) reply-to-your-letter-(of-the)-23rd ult. I-would (%) 
say, the difficulty you describe has no bearing (%) whatever 



DICTATION EXERCISii NO. 24. 57 

upon our part (of the) contract. We deem it (i) no part of- 
our duty to apprise subscribers (of the) (J^) ultimate failure 
of a firm, when our reports have foreshadowed (J£) the 
events for months, and had you been warned by-(%)-the in- 
formation contained therein would-have had no credit deal- 
ings (2) with-the subjects (of the) reports. 

We spare no expense (J£) to-make our reports reliable, 
and why should they be (y 2 ) disregarded by any subscriber 
who-is seeking to protect himself (%) against unscrupulous 
traders ? 

I regret that-the-matter has resulted (3) so disastrously to- 
you, but can see no reason to (J^) believe that-it-was due to 
lack of fulfillment of (^) any part of-our agreement. 
Yours- very-truly, 

(40 words a minute.) (148 words.) 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 24. 

A large number of words in common use are compounded 
with the adverbs here, there, where, etc. Observe, that when- 
ever any of these or similar words contain the preposition 
"of," as hereof , thereof, whereof, etc., the stroke V must 
be employed to represent the second syllable; thus, tick h, 
downward r, stroke v, — hereof. 

For hereto, thereto, etc., the Grammalogue "to" may be 
joined to the other syllable. For the syllable "with," — 
herewith, therewith, etc., use the stroke th joined to the 
other syllable. " Under," when found in such words, is 
usually separated from the preceding syllable; so is " after." 
"Above "can usually be joined. "On" must be repre- 
sented by the hook N; " in " by the stroke N, when com- 
pounded with here, there, or where. Heretofore, — halved 
" here," Grammalogue " for;" so also with " theretofore." 
Write "wherefore," wh, ray, f, downward R. Therefore 
with the Grammalogue, — double length duplicate thr; but 
therefor, — the adverb, — with the Grammalogues " there " 
and " for " joined. 

Compounds of Here, There, Where. 

Diligence is necessary to secure success; hereto you- 
should give all- the mental powers wherewith you-are en- 
dowed, and hereat {y A ) direct your most strenous efforts- 
Do-not think your efforts will-be in- vain; hereof there need 
be no-doubt. (%) True, knowledge cannot-be obtained 
without effort, but herein is one of-its best rewards. 

Heretofore this idea has--not-(%)-been given due pro- 
minence. Knowledge is power, and herewith you soar as on 



58 DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 25. 

intellectual wings. Hereon you-may build a (1) structure 
which shall never decay, and hereunto you-may aspire with 
assurance of satisfactory results. 

Washington is a charming place (J^). Thereto I went 
during-the holidays, and enjoyed a very happy time thereat 
as you-will, no-doubt, hereby see. (}£) The remembrance 
thereof is pleasant, and I-shall hereafter write some in- 
teresting reminiscences connected therewith, as I-shall 
more (%) fully hereinafter inform you. Time-is-money; 
therein lies the secret of success and thereupon depend 
many (of the) rewards (2) whereto you-should aspire 
and thereby gain a high place. Thereafter it-will-be com- 
paratively easy to progress rapidly, and (J^) thereunto you- 
should strive, for thereupon depends much of your ultimate 
attainment. Do-not distress yourself about imaginary dif- 
ficulties not ()^) pertaining thereunto, wherein you-may find 
any amount of misery, wheref or it- would-be unwise of you 
to-be disturbed (%), and anxiety whereat would-be absurd. 

Therefore, keep your mind at rest wherever you-may-be, 
for whereas you-(3)-may at times encounter difficulties 
whereupon you-may experience discouragement, do-not 
draw therefrom that-which-will-be a hindrance, (J^) but 
that-which-will aid you as hereinabove directed. Truth is a 
trust wherewith we-can work, and whereon we (}£) may 
safely rely, and whereby much can-be accomplished. 
Wherefore, let me beseech you to observe well what-is here 
(%) written, and hereupon let me warn you not to follow 
false leaders, but to enroll yourself hereunder, observe care- 
fully, and (4) go away resolved to succeed, remembering 
that though heretofore you were-not successful, you-may-be 
assured of future high attainments in (J^) life. — Reporting 
Exercises, (80 words a minute.) (34 1 ) 

DICTATION EXERCISE No. 25. 

A Sermon in Monosyllables. 

Where are-the lost ones to-be found? In-the streets at 
night, here and there in-their search for (J£) rest on-the cold 
stones of some bridge, or in a niche of some dark arch, 
in-the parks, in-()^)-the house of sin, on all sides, the lost 
ones whom Christ came to save are found by-those who, 
(%) in-His name, go forth to seek them out, and win them 
by-the great force of love; by-those (i) who seek to win them 
to Christ, that they may know and love and serve Him, that 
these whose lives, (J) it-may-be, have-been full of sin may 
hear of Him, who came to save and did save, and (%) saves 



DICTATION EXERCISE NO. 26. 59 

now, such as they-are, yes, and such as we once were. 
"We, who once were far off, have-(%)-been made nigh by- 
the blood of Christ," and we must tell them how they, too, 
may-be saved. 

Now (2) the last thought. What shall we do to save the 
lost, these lost ones, the waifs and strays (of the) (£) streets, 
and those who live in homes which-are-not worth the name ? 
Young-men take-the lads in (y£) hand and teach them 
much which they need to learn, to fit them for spheres of 
life where they can-(%)-be of real use. Some can teach them 
trades, or find some who will trust them, and give them at- 
(3)-least (vocalize "least" when phrased) one chance to 
rise in life. — Phonetic yournal. 

(80 words a minute.) (247 words.) 



Business Letter No. 4. 

J. T. Smith, Esq., St. Augustine, Fla. 
Dear Sir : — 

Your favor (of the) 20th inst. informing me that you 
wou"ld-not-(j)-be in-your office yesterday at 10 A. M., but 
would-be there at one o'clock, was-not received when (3^) 
I left my office yesterday. That-is how 1 came to miss you. 
I-have returned your papers, and regret (%) to say that-the 
prospect for purchasing the business is slight. I-would pre- 
fer to talk to-you personally in (1) detail, but owing to ill- 
ness at home, and a rush of business of various kinds, my 
time is used up (\) to such an extent, both day and evening, 
that I- will have to ask you to excuse me until some-(^)- 
time next week. At-present would-say count me out on-the 
deal, as I-am-not sufficiently sanguine relative (%) to-its 
consummation to justify me in keeping you waiting. 

Hoping to see you soon, I-am, 

Yours -very-truly, (2) 

(80 words a minute.) (160 words.) 



DICTATION EXERCISE No. 26. 

(The words in italics are Contractions.) 

A Word to Prospective Amanuenses. 

" It-seems such a long time. Are you sure I-can get 
through in six or eight months and get (±) a position so I 
won't lose any time ? " 

Every Shorthand teacher will recognize these familiar 
questions. How do-you answer (J4) them? Well, we an- 
swer them about this way : Yes, it-is quite a while ; but do-you 
know of any (%) profession or trade or calling requiring so 



60 A WORD TO PROSPECTIVE AMANUENSES. 

short a special training to fit one for so advantageous a posi- 
tion, (i) or pleasing occupation ? If-you take up law, medi- 
cine, theology or any other profession, wouldn't you expect to 
put in at-(^)-least three to five years at school to master the 
theory of vour chosen calling? And when you got through 
(%) that, wouldn't you expect to-be five or ten years more es- 
tablishing your reputation and building up a paying business ? 
(%) There-must-be some magic about Shorthand that will 
enable you to get it all on your fingers' ends in (2) six 
months, and-then step into a position giving you an irxicome 
better-than a professional man can get in (}) five years of 
hard labor. 

And yet, if-you have a good education, can spell and 
punctuate properly, know when (^Q a sentence is correctly 
put together; will work hard, study hard and faithfully, are 
bright, apt, quick and in thorough (%) earnest; it is safe to 
promise you that in six months you-will-be-able-to do fairly 
good amanuensis (3; work. Then you-will do better to get 
a place and go to work, for-that kind of school is-(i)-the best 
one you-can-be in to teach you confidence and business 
habits. You-will-have little or no (j4) trouble in getting a 
start at a low salary at first, but which - is probably all you- 
will earn until (%) you get the run (of the) work. And if- 
you do your work well, do-not make blunders that a (4; ten 
year old lad would-be ashamed of, show more of an interest 
in your work and in getting it (\) done than you do in killing 
time, manifest an intelligent confidence in yourself and in- 
your ability to-do what-(J^)-is required, and-the capacity to 
grow as opportunity offers, you-can confidently count on 
advancement. If-you show that (%) you have no confidence 
in yourself, you need-not expect others to rate you higher than 
your-own apparent estimate. (5) One who does good work 
and willingly, will-not-be long idle at-any-time. Show that 
you have nerve, (\) business capacity and a willingness to 
earn all-that-is paid you, and you-will-be pushed along as 
fast (%) as circumstances will permit. The best men or wo- 
men In any branch of business are-not so plenty as-to (%) 
glut the market. Be one (of the) best and you-cannot fail 
of success. — Selected. 

(80 words a minute.) (474) 



Words Which. Must Always be Vocalized 

(With at least one vowel.) 
While there are many words which may always safely be 
written without any vowels, even when there is time to insert 
them, there are a few others which must always have at 



FINAL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS. 6l 

least one vowel, even in the most rapid reporting. These 
are : 

Him, when phrased; effect, the vowel before the k; ac- 
cept, abstraction, achromatic, acorn, adamant, adapt, ad- 
dress, administration, advance, adventures, advocate, af- 
fluent, afore, ailment, anomaly, annual, anterior, apathetic, 
appurtenant, apologue, apportion, opposite, apposition, ap- 
praise, approbation, approximate, army, aspiration, attempt, 
avocation, deduct, else, endued, enemy, exercise, extricate, 
failing, farrier, immigration, incautious, induction, ineffica- 
cious, innovation, liar, lost, Maria, monarchy, monkey, note, 
obsolete, pocket, predict, snow, sulphite, test, vesture, 
voluble, voracity. 

Lookout that " in-the " does not conflict with ''only;" 
" inform" with " notify:" "on-the" with "at-the;" "to- 
him " with "to-me;" " at-least" with " at-last;" "I-am" 
with "I-may," etc. Always vocalize " least " and " him " 
when joining to other words. 



Final Hints and Suggestions. 

Having now practiced carefully the foregoing Exercises, 
the student may consider himself as fairly launched, though 
not by any means a full-fledged-stenographer. Like the 
piano player who wishes to become proficient in the use of 
that instrument, the learner of shorthand should seize every 
opportunity for practicing. Word forms, word-signs, con- 
tractions, phrases and writing from dictation should all form 
a part of the stenographer's daily practice until he can write 
at least ioo to 125 words a minute. A well-known Western 
reporter says : "Copy correctly written shorthand until it 
is written on the mind, and then write the matter over and 
over again. Write from dictation until your arms are ready 
to fall off, until your friends flee at sight of you. Write 
thousands of pages of shorthand, and go through the same 
process which has made you so familiar with longhand 
writing, the same process which has made you able to walk 
without effort, to speak without hesitation. For in spite of 
all any one can say to the contrary, the stenographer who is 
deficient in speed, who cannot put on paper the matter 
spoken, as it is spoken, in such legible form that he can read 
it afterward, must of necessity fail in his work as a verba- 
tim reporter. The ability to keep pace with the speaker 
without stumbling, or being dragged along, and most of all, 
without tearing holes in the web spun by the orator, or wit- 
ness, is as essential to successful reporting, as swallow- 
ing is essential to the digestion of food. He who can write 



62 PUNCTUATION AND FIGURES. 

legibly at verbatim speed may become a reporter. Until he 
can do so, he never can be one. Therefore facility in writ- 
ing is of the utmost importance, and the gaining of that fa- 
cility is as simple as anything can be." 

When taking dictation, if the stenographer finds himself 
falling behind the dictator with no apparent chance of 
catching up, he should call out the last connected word he 
has in mind or is able to write. Do not interrupt the train of 
thought of the dictator by saying, " What did you say, sir?" 
or " I lost a word there !" The calling out of your last word, 
however, is no interruption, and enables the dictator to go 
back and continue his train of thought. 

On Punctuation. 

Stops should be written in the usual way, except the 
Period, for which, in correspondence a small cross is used (x), 
and in reporting, a double-length chay\ thus, , ; : ? ". etc. The 
Parenthesis stroke should be made a little larger than a 
double-length upright consonant. Accent may be shown by 
writing a small cross close to the vowel of the accented syl- 
lable. 

Emphasis is marked, as in longhand, by drawing one, 
two, or more lines underneath; a single line under a single 
word must be wave-like, to distinguish if from the shorthand 
consonant k. 

' 4 Figures are written as usual. When one and six are writ- 
ten by themselves, form them so that they may not 
be mistaken for shorthand characters. Many attempts have 
been made to utilize shorthand alphabets for the expression 
of figures, but there are several objections to this mode of 
representation. In the first place it is easier to mistake one 
shorthand letter for another than to mistake the ordinary 
figures, which being each composed of several strokes, are 
rarely liable to clash, and as great exactitude is especially 
necessary in dealing with figures, this is an important con-, 
sideration. In the next place, alphabetic shorthand charac- 
ters for figures resemble in appearance the other writing 
surrounding them, while the ordinary figures are so distinct 
in character that they readily catch the eye, and can be easi- 
ly referred to when necessary. Although, therefore, the 
shorthand forms are briefer than the common figures, the 
latter are more definite and legible, and will be found far 
preferable. 

"When several noughts occur, the number represented 
by them should be expressed in Phonography thus : 30 ( ; 
100 { , rather than 30,000 ; 100,000, etc." 

When the name of a Company or firm occurs a number 



AIDS TO FURTHER PRACTICE. 63 

of times in a dictation or report, — as " Farmers' Loan & 
Trust Company," "Union Pacific Railroad Company," — 
the Reporter need not write the entire name in full every 
time it occurs, but make some sort of a contraction for it, 
as/, lay, /, (joined) with the shorthand kay struck through 
the t, for " Farmers' Loan & Trust Company," or simply a 
capital (longhand) U for " Union Pacific Railroad Company;" 
in other words the first longhand initial of the first 
word in the name of a firm or company will, in the majority 
of cases, serve the purpose, and thus save time and labor, 
and this sort of an abbreviation is as legitimate a contraction 
as "s." for shilling, or "5 "for five. 

Whenever a date occurs it is sufficient to write simply '90, 
'72, for 1890, 1872, if the date is in the present century, 
otherwise the entire date must be written. If, however, it 
is desired, as is sometimes done in legal documents, to write 
the date in this way, — "one thousand eight hundred and 
ninety-six, " — this may be indicated by taking it down in short- 
hand thus, — I '96; while, if the dictator wishes it written 
thus, — "eighteen hundred and ninety-six," — the best way 
to represent that is by writing the date in the ordinary way, 
thus, — 1896. 

Aids to Further Practice. 

Since all the principles, the Grammalogues and the Con- 
tractions have now been learned, graded exercises are no 
longer needed. The student should now procure a copy of 
the " Commercial Dictation Book," by W. L. Mason, (price 
25 cts. postpaid) which contains a large collection of prac- 
tical business letters, besides a variety of actual legal docu- 
ments which the compiler has collected from his own note 
books. All exercises in that book are carefully counted off, 
so that the practitioner need lose no time in preparing the 
matter for speeding. 

On the last few pages of the " Stenographer's Companion" 
will be found the most complete list of Isaac Pitman Con- 
tractions ever published, as well as a list of Intersected 
Words and Business Phrases, most of the former of which 
were prepared by the Compiler for Isaac Pitman's Complete 
Phonographic Instructor, and which are here reproduced by 
the kind permission of Messrs. Isaac Pitman and Sons, 
Publishers, 33 Union Square, New York. (Price $1.50.) 

The student is earnestly advised to procure Reporting 
Exercises (20 cts.), and Key (30 cts.) thereto; Part Second 
of the Complete Phonographic Instructor (75 cts.); the 
Phonographic Reader (20 cts.); the Phonographic Diction- 
ary (1.50), and the Commercial Dictation Book (25 cts). 



64 TAKING TESTIMONY. 

Any of these books will be sent postpaid by the compiler of 
this book on receipt of price. 

If, however, the purchaser of a copy of the " Companion " 
finds difficulty in writing the correct outline for any word, 
phrase or contracton contained in this book, he may write such 
word or words on a slip of paper, together with the best 
shorthand form which he is able to construct, and forward 
the same to W. L. Mason, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, ac- 
companied by a stamped and addressed envelope, and the 
slip will be returned to him corrected free of charge. 



LASTLY. 

Taking 1 Testimony. 

A stenographer may at any time be called upon to take 
the testimony of witnesses. This is not more difficult than 
ordinary reporting, provided the reporter keeps his wits 
about him and makes use of a few devices, such as are given 
herewith. 

In taking testimony the usual method employed by sten- 
ographers is not to write the shorthand outline, or " Q," 
for " question," and the shorthand outline, or "A," for 
"answer," but simply to write the testimony in such a man- 
ner as will indicate the question and answer without actually 
expressing it. This is done by merely writing each question 
clear across the page of the note-book, and each answer only 
halfway across , beginning at the middle of the page, thus : 

What is your name ? 

John Smith. 

Do you know the defendant in this action, Mr. Jones ? 

Yes, sir, he was a partner of 
my father for a great many 
years. etc. 

It often happens that a witness will answer a question in 
the exact words in which it was asked. In such cases much 
time will be saved by indicating the answer (instead of ac- 
tually writing it) by a long dash, thus : 

Were you a member of that firm ? 

Yes, sir. 

Of the firm of Jones & Brown ? 



(Meaning the answer to be : " Of the firm of Jones & Brown.") 
You are a resident of the City and County of New York. 

I am 



(Meaning the answer to be : "I am a resident of the City and Couniy 
of New York,") 



CONTRACTIONS. 65 

This wili in any case indicate that the answer is identical 
in language with the question. 

Thus will the reporter, by perfectly safe expedients, 
adopted intelligently and used judiciously, be able to supple- 
ment his natural facility of movement and be enabled to 
follow rapid speakers with comparative ease and with satis- 
faction to both himself and his employers. 

All of which may be summed up in the brief, but expres- 
sive, language of Isaac Pitman, — 

" READ, WRITE, PRACTICE AND PERSEVERE." 



A Complete List of Contractions. 

In studying the following Contractions, remember that r 
means the r hook; R, the downward r; r, the upward r; n, 
stroke n; n, hook n; f, stroke f;/, hook f; s, stroke s; s, 
circle; v, stroke v; v 9 hook v; t, stroke t; t, halved ; d, 
stroke d; d, halved d; /, hook 1;L, downward 1; 1, upward 1. 
Any letter printed in italics and followed immediately by 
t or d signifies that the stroke is halved, thus, pt means 
halved p; bd, halved b. 

Contractions marked 1 or 3 are to be written in first or 
third positions respectively. All others on the line. 

The contractions indicated by a star should be first com- 
mitted to memory. Afterward the entire list may be prac- 
ticed with profit. 

• The words marked with an * are more commonly used 
than the others. 
♦Acknowledge, k n j antitrinitarian n t tr, 

♦acknowledgements n j mnt antitrinitarianism, nt m 
♦adjustment, j s mnt across the t 

♦administrator, d m r ♦anything, 1 n ng 

♦administratrix, d m k s ♦applicable-ility, p/k 

advantaged, dv d ♦appointment,// mnt 

♦advantageous, d v s ♦arbitration, R, ir tion 

advantageously, d v s 1 arbitratrix, R b k s 

♦advertise-d-ment, d vr Arch-Bishop, r ch b 

♦agriculture-al, 1 gr VI Archiepiscopacy, R k p 

agriculturist, gr k/st loop architect- ure R k t 

♦almost, 2 all-m st loop architective, Rkt^ 

♦already, all-r d arctic, Rt k 

♦although, all-th aristocratic-cy, R s t 

♦altogether, 1 all g ♦assemble-ly s m 

♦alway, all w assembly room, s m r m 

♦always, all s assignment, s mnt 

antagonist, 1, nt g ♦astonish-ed-ment, stn 

antagonism-tic, 1 nt g astonishingly, st n, ing, L 

antarctic, nt Rt K 



66 



CONTRACTIONS. 



t mnt 



b P 



atonement, ) 
♦attainment, j 
♦Bankruptcy, b ngr , s 

baptism, 

baptist, 

baptize, 

baptized, j 
♦become, b k (beneath) 

benevolent-ce, b n v 

beningnant-ity, b n g 

blastfurnace, hi tr n s 

boatswain, b s n 

bombastic, b mb s k 

bondservant bd s r z>«^ 

bondsman &/.$• nrn 
♦Cabinet, k b 

Calvanism, k/ v 
♦capable, k p 
♦captain, 1 k// 
♦catholic, k th 

celestial, s 1 s 1 

celestialize, s 1 i- 1 .r 
♦certificate, s rt i 
♦chapter, ch p 
♦character, 1 kr k 
♦characteristic, 1 krk sk 
♦circumstance-d, s t ns 
♦circumstances, s t wjvj- 

circumstantial, j- t n shl (up) 
♦commercial, 1 k mr 

constitutional, st loop t tion 

construction, s tr tion 

contentment, / mt 

contingency, t n j 

controversial, tr vr 

courtyard, krt yd 

covenant, k v 
♦cross-examine-ed-ation, 1 
kr s k 
♦Danger, djr 
♦dangers, d )rs 
♦dangerous, d ]r s 

dangerously d ]r s 1 
♦December, d s m 
♦defendant, dft 

deficiency, d/"ish (up) 

degeneration, d j tion 



♦democratic, d m kr 
♦demonstrate d mn s t 
♦description, d skr 

destitute, d s t u (u diph- 
thong joined) 
♦destruction, d s tr tion 
♦difficulty, d/k 

dignify-ied, d g 
♦dignity, d g • 

dining room, d r m 
♦disadvantage, d s d v 

disadvantageous, d^d^s 

disadvantageously,d s dv s 1 
♦disappointment, d s pt mnt 
♦discharge, d s ch 

disestablish, dj^/b 
♦disinterested-ness, ds nt s t 

disrespect, ds rjp 

disrespectful, dj r^p f/ 
♦dissatisfaction, d s t s tion 
♦dissimilar d ses m 
♦distinguish-ed, d st loop ing 

doctrinaire, d tr nr 

doctrinal, dtrnL 
♦domestic, d m s k 

downstroke, d s tr k 

drawing room, dr r m 

dressing room dr s r m 

Ecclesiastic- al, k/z 
♦efficient-cy, f ish (up) 

endanger, n d )r 

enlarge-d,nj (through the n) 

enlarger, n )r{ (i " *') 

enlargement, n j mnt 

(through the n) 

Englishman, ing ish mn 

enlightenment, n/ t mnt 

entertainment, nt t mnt 

enthusiastic, n th z 

Episcopal-ian p s k 
♦especial-ly, s p 
♦esquire, s k 
♦essential-ly, s n 
♦establish ed-ment, st b 

evangelical, v n 
♦example, 1 k s m 

exchequer, k s ch 



CONTRACTIONS. 



6 7 



♦executor, k;r 
♦executrix, k;k j 
♦expect-ed, k s p 
♦expectation, k s p t Hon 
♦expenditure, k s pnd 
♦expensive, k s pns 

extemporaneous, k st mp 
♦extinguish, k s t ing 
♦extraordinary, k s tr Rd 
♦extravagant-ance, k s tr v 
♦Familiar, f m 
♦February, f b 

financial, inn 

firstborn, st loop, b v n 

first fruits, st loop frts 
♦first rate, st loop rt 

forasmuch, ir s ch 

forgive, ir (duplicate) g 

foreknowledge, f r n j 

futurity, f t (separated) 
♦Generalization, j ns tion 

generalship, j n sh 

(separated) 
♦gentlemanly, jnt 1 

(separated) 

ginger, j ]r 

good nature, gd nt 

glorification, g/tion 
♦govern-ed, g v 
♦government, g v 

governmental, g v 
♦grand jury, gr j r 

Harbinger, tick h R b ]r 
♦henceforth, h (up) n s f 
♦hitherto, tick h thr (du- 
plicate) to (gram) 

herself, tick h R ses 

himself, m ses circle 

holiness, h (up) ns 
♦Immediate, m md 
♦immediately, m md\ 

imperfect-tion, m pr f 
imperturbable, m prt r 

impossible, 1 mp s 
♦impracticable, 1 m pr k 
♦impracticability, mprkb 
(separate) 



impregnable, m pr g 

♦improbable, m prb 

♦inasmuch, n s ch 
incapable, n k p 
inconsiderate, n^dr/ 
inconsiderately, n s d rt 1 
inconsideration, n s d r Hon 
inconsistency, n ses in s 

♦inconsistent, n ses tnt 
indefatigable, nd i t 

♦indenture, nd nt 

♦independent-ce, nd pnd 

♦indifferent-ce, n d (beneath) 
indifferentism, n d s m 

(beneath) 

♦indifferently, n d 1 (beneath) 

♦indignant-tion, nd g 

♦indiscriminate, n dskr 

♦indispensable-ly, nd s pus 

♦individual, ndvd 
indoctrinate, n d tr n t 
indoctrinated, ndtrn t 

♦inefficient-cy ly, n f ish (up) 
inextinguishable, nk;t ing 

♦influence, 1 n s 

♦influenced, 1 n st loop 
influencing, In; ing 

♦influential, 1 n sh/ (up) 

♦inform-ed, n f 

♦information, 1 n tion 
inscribe, back n hook s kr 
inscription, back n hook 

s kr tion 
insignificance, n s g ns 
insignificancy, n s g ns 

♦insignificant, n s g 

♦inspected, n s p 
♦inspection, n;p 

instinct, 1 n s t ing t 

institute, n s t u joined 
♦instruction, back n hook 
s tr tion 

insubjection, n s b j tion 

insubordinate-tion, n s b 

insufficient-cy, n s i ish (up) 
♦intelligence, nt )ns 
♦intelligent, nt jnt 



68 



CONTRACTIONS. 



♦intelligible, nt j hi 

intelligibly, nl ] hi vowel i 

intemperance, n t mp 
♦interest, nt s t 
♦interested, nt s t 

investment, n v s t 
♦irregular, R g 
♦irregularly, R g 1 

irresponsible, R s pns 
♦island, 1 diphthong I, Ind 

isle, 1 « 4 '« 1 

islet, 1 " " # 

itself, t large s circle 
♦January, 1 j n 

jurisprudence, \r s p 
♦Knew, n u joined 
♦knowledge, n j 
♦Landlord, 1 hid 1 

landlordism, 1 lnd\ s m 

languish, 1 ing ish 

largely, 1 j 1 

largeness, 1 j n.r (separated) 

larger, 1 ]r 
♦lastly, 1 s 1 

lordship, 1 sh (separated) 

listless, \ s \ s 

Lord's supper 1 s pr 
♦Magazine, m g 

magnetic-ism, 1 m g 

majesty, m j 
♦majority, m j (separated) 

beneath 

manslaughter, m s, 1 

(double length) 
♦manufacture, m n f 
♦manufacturer, m n f k 
♦manuscript, m n s kflt 
♦mathematical-ly, m ith 

maybe, m b 

mechanic-al, lmkw 

melancholy, m 1 n 

memorandum, m m 

messenger, m s )r 

methinks, m th s 

methodism, 1 m s m 
♦metropolitan, mt r p 

mildly, m It 1 



mildness, m // n s 

misconstruction, mj sir tion 
(separated from the ms) 

misdemeanor, m s d 

misgovernment, m s g v 

misinformation, m;, n tion 
(separated) 
♦misrepresent, m s r p 
♦misrepresentation, m s r p 
tion 
♦mistake 1 m s k 

mistakable, 1 m s k b/ 

mistaken, lnuk» 

mistranslate, m s ir s It 

mistranslation, m s ir s 1 tion 
♦mortgage, 1 rnrg 

modeled, 1 md It 
♦mostly, m s 1 

morningstar, mr^tR 

moonwart, m n wt 

myself, 1 m large circle s 
♦NaturaUy, 3 nt L 

neglect-ed, 1 n g/ 
♦never, n v 
♦nevertheless, n v (through 

the n) 
♦new, n u joined 
♦next, n st (loop) 
♦non-commissioned officer, 
n n, (disjoined) ish f s r 

non-conformist n ;z,fst(loop) 
(separated) 

non-conformity, n n, f t 

(separated) 

northwest, x\r w st (loop) 
♦nothing, n ing 

nothingness, n ing ns 
♦notwithstanding, n t 

(through the n) 
♦November, n v 
♦now, n ow (joined) 
♦Object, b j 
♦objection, b j tion 

objectionable, b j tion hi 

objective b j v 

objectively, b j v/ 

objectivity, b j v i 



CONTRACTIONS. 



69 



obscurity, b s k 

♦observation, b;r 

obstriction, } , ... 

u x , . ' V b j tr Hon 
obstruction, j 

♦often, lfn 

old style, Z^ j L 

omnipresent-ce, mnpr 

omniscient-ce, m n ish 
♦organize-d, R gn 
♦organization, R gns Hon 
♦original, r j 

orthodox-y, r th d 

ourselves, 3 r large circle 

outcome, 3 t k (separated) 

outgeneral, 3 t)n (separated) 

outnumber, 3 t br 

(separated) 

overcome, vr above k 

Parliament-ary, pr 1 

passenger, p s )r 

peculiar, p k 
♦Pennsylvania, p s 1 v 
♦perform, prf 

performable, p r f b/ 
♦performance, p r f s 

performer, prf mr 

perpendicular, p rp« 

perpendicularly, prpl 

perpetual-iy, pr// 

perspective, p r s p 

philanthropy-ic, f 1 n 

philanthropist, f 1 n p st 
loop 

phonographer, inx 

phonographic, ink 

plaintiff, pint 

pleasurable, zhr b/ 

plenipotentiary, p/ n p 

polestar, p 1 s R 
♦postage, p s j 

postal, p s 1 
♦postal card, p s 1 krd 
♦post office, p s f s 

postman, p s m n 
♦postpaid, p s pd 
♦practicable, pr k b/ 
♦practice-al, pr k 



prejudice -ial, prjd 
preliminary, pr 1 
Presbyterian-ism, pr s b 
preservation, pr s r 
priestcraft, pr s kft 
priesthood, pr s t 
priestlike, pr s 1 k 
priestliness, pr s 1 ns 
priestly, pr s 1 

♦probable-y-ility, prb 
professional, pr f Hon 

♦proficient-cy, pr/*ish 

(upward) 

♦proportion pr p 
proportionate, pr p r 
proportioned, pr p 

♦prospect, pr s p 

♦public, p b 
publican, p bn 

♦publication, p b Hon 
publicly, p b 1 

♦publish-ed p b 

♦publisher, p b shr 

♦Rather, r r 
reading room, r d r m 
reappointment, x pt mnt 
reassignment, r s mnt 
reestablish-ed, r st b 

♦reform-ed, r f 
reformation, r f R 
reformer, r f mr 
regeneration, r j ti§n 

♦regular, r g 
regularly, r g 1 

♦relinquish, r L ing 

♦remarkable-ly, mr b/ 

♦represent-ed, r p 

♦representation, rp Hon 

♦representative, r p v 
republic-sh, rpb 

♦republican, rpb^ 
republicanism, r p b ; m 
republicanize, rpb«z 
republication, rpb Hon 
repugnant-ce r p g 

♦resignation, r s g 

♦respect-ed, r s p 



7o 



CONTRACTIONS. 



♦respectable, r;pb/ 

respectably, r s pb/ (vowel i) 
♦respectfully, r s p f / 
♦respective, r s p v 

respectively, r s pvf 
♦responsible, r s pns 

restful, r s f L 

restless, rjh 

resurrection, r s r 

resurrectionist, r s r st loop 

revenue, r v 
♦Reverend, r v 

righter, r r 

Sanctitude, s ng t u joined 
♦satisfaction, s t stion 
♦satisfactory, Jtjr 

satisfactorily, s t s r 1 

Saviour, s v 

selfish, s ish 

selfishly, s ish 1 

selfishness, s ish n s 

sensibility, s n s b 
♦September, s pt m 
♦significant, 1 s g 

significance, 1 sg ns 

significantly, s g nt L 

signification, s g #<?» 

significative, s gtv 

significatory, jgtr 

significator, s g tr 

signified, 1 s g 

signify, 1 sg 
♦singular, s ing g 
♦something, s m ing 

special-ly, s p 
♦stranger, sir ]r 
♦subject-ed, s b j 

subjection, .? b j Hon 

subjective, s b j v 

subjectivity, s b j v t 
♦subscribe, j b s k 

subject matter, s b j, m 

double length 
♦subscription, s b j k Hon 

subservient s b s r 
♦substantial, jb^tn 

substitute, s b s t u joined 



substituted, sb s 1 1 

(separated) 
♦sufficient-cy, s f ish (up) 

superscribe, s pr s k 

superscription, s pr s k #<?/» 
♦surprise, 1 j'p^ j 
♦surprised. 1 spr st loop 
♦surprising, 1 spr s ing 
♦suspect-icious, s;p 

suspiciously, s jpl 

Tabernacle, t br 

tasteful-ly, t s f / 

temperance, t mp 

tenement, t mnt 
♦testament, t s mnt 
♦testamentary, tjmntr 

testimonial, t s m n L 
♦testimony, t^mn 
♦thankful-ly, 1 ith il 

thankworthy, 1 th w r th 

thankless, 1 ith 1 s 

thanksgiving, ith ing s g 
♦to-day, grammalogue tod 
♦together, " g 

♦tomorrow, il " mr 

transcribe, tr s k b 

transcript, tr s kflt 

transcription, tr s "k p Hon 

transfer, tr s ir 

transgress, tr s g s 

transgression, tr s g Hon 

transmission, tr s m Hon 

transubstantiate-ion, ir s b 

tribunal, tr b 

trust-deed, tr s d 

truthfulness, tr f / n s 

Unanimity-ous, y n n 
♦unchristian, 1 n kr 

unconstitutional, n s t Hon 

undersigned, nd s nd 
♦understand, 1 nd s tnd 
♦understood, 1 nd s t 

underwriter, nd, r r 

(separated) 

unexampled, lnk^m 

undignified, ndg 

unessential, n s n 



CONTRACTIONS. 



71 



unexpected, n k s p 
unexpectedly, n k s p 1 
unfavorable, n f vr 
unfamiliar, n f m 
ungovernable, ngvb/ 
*uniform, \ 
*uniformity, [ •> 
unforgiven-ing, n fr 

(duplicate), g 
♦unimportant, 1 n mp 

(separated), 
♦unimproved, n mp " 
uninfluenced, 1 n n st 

loop 
uninfluential, Inn sh/ (up) 
unintelligible, n nt j b/ 
♦uninterested, n nt s t 
♦uninterrupted, r\ntp t 
union Jack, yay j k 
♦unmistakable, n nukb/ 
unparliamentary, n pr 1 
unquestionable, n kw sin 
unprincipled, n pr 
unpublished, n p b 
♦unsatisfactory, njf;r 
unsatisfactorily, n;t^ 1 
unsubstantial, rubjt 
unscriptural, 1 n skr 1 
unsuspected, n s s p 



unusual, n zh/ 
Vice versa, v s v 
Wasteful, w s f L 
wastef ully, w s f 1 
wastepipe, w s p p 
wedgewoodware, w wd w r 
♦welcome, wl k (separated) 
westward, w s t wd 
♦West Virginia, w s v 
♦whatever, grammalogue 

what v 
♦whatsoever, grammalogue 
what s v 
♦whenever, grammalogue 

when v 
wistful, 3wjfL 
wistfully, 3 w s f 1 
♦whoever, grammalogue 

who vr 
whosoever, grammmalogue 

who s vr 
wonderful-ly, w double 

length, n 
writer, r r 
wristband, r s bnd 
Yesterday, y s t 
younger, ngr 
youngest, ng st loop 



72 



INTERSECTED WORDS. 



INTERSECTED WORDS AND MISCELLANEOUS 
PHRASES. 

245. Official titles, names of public companies, and any 
words or phrases that do not otherwise admit of brief 
easily-written forms may be abbreviated on the principle 
of intersection, that is, by writing some one prominent 
letter across another, or by writing the words in juxtapo- 
sition, as in the following examples. When the positions 
of the letters do not admit of intersection, the second 
letter is written under, or at the side of, the first. 



Act of Assembly 
" " Congress 
Adams' Express Co. U-s\ 

Agricultural Society r " rL }~ 
American Bank Note Co. ,^/A^- 

" Express Co. *"%- 
Assembly Chamber )y^ 
At owner's risk \^ — 
" sender's risk \^_<y p ~~ 
Bankrupt-cy >0 X) 
Bill of lading \ ^~ 
Board of Aldermen \ 7 <^~ 
" u Directors ^ 
" " Education \j 
Capital punishment ^y 
Capt. Caxton $ 

" Reynolds ^~t 
Chamber of Commerce/ 



City and County of 
New York 




City, County, and State 
of New York 



Coal Co., Ltd. _y=^ 
Col. Dixon TL^^ 
Company's risk v^~" 
Conservative party X 
Custom House ~w-^ 
Delivery office \& 
Democratic party [>^ 
Embankment /> V as in 

Sea embankment »V- 
Equitable Life Assur- 
ance Society \ r 

Express Co. ~% — 
Farmer's Loan and > ^_ 

Trust Co. 
General Manager ^~i 
Scofield °iK 

German American In- 
surance Co. /-_— 
High water mark ../u. 



INTERSECTED WORDS. 



House of Represent- 
atives <f^ 
Internal revenue ^kV. 
Last year's report fYV 
Life department f^_ 

u Insurance Co. *^-z_ 
Local Government Board "7 — *\ 
Local traffic <l — 
Major Jones ^ 
Managing Director ^~^H 
Manager's office ^\o 
Matter of form '"~\ 
Mutual Life Ins. Co. 

National Bank of 

Commerce 
National Express Co. , 

New York Life 
Ins. Co. 




73 



Northern Pacific R. R. 
Passenger dept. y 
People's party \\ 
President of the U. S. \. 
Prohibition party N^ 
Professor Morgan 

" Thompson 
Quinquennial valuation C V. 
Railroad XX asin 

Grand Trunk R. R. ^\// 
Republican party /^ 
Senate Chamber jf 
Stock Exchange °T 
Union Trust Co. S^\- 
United States of America / 

" " Exp. Co 

" Senate ^^\ 
Vice-President V© 



74 



BUSINESS PHRASES AND CONTRACTIONS. 



BUSINESS PHRASES AND CONTRACTIONS. 



According to 

agreement 

account sales 

additional ex- 
pense 
after due consid- 
eration 
all claims 

and if you can in- ' 

form me 

as a matter of 

course 

as a matter of fact 
as soon as ready 
at all events 
at any rate 
at his request 



at your earliest 

convenience 

Balance due 



M 

balance sheet V^ 

be good enough ^~^-\ 

best of my ability V^ 

best quality N» 

bills of lading 

by goods train 

by his request „V_^ 

by letter 

by my letter 




by our invoice 

by passenger \^ 

train 

by telegram 

by which you will \ 

see v "ff k 
by wire 

by your letter 

Cannot account 

cannot answer 

cannot say ) 

copy of my last 

letter 

Declare a divi- ^—\ 

dend }} 

deliver imme- f s 

diately l "~ w 

directors of the \ 

Company — 

directors' report I /\ 

discount for cash ^y 
Early attention "Yf~ 

early considera- ^\^% 

tion 

early reply \^\ 

enclosed letter 
enclosed please 

find 

Facts of the case 
faithfully yours 
few days ago 



BUSINESS PHRASES AND CONTRACTIONS. 



75 



financial affairs 
first instant 
for their interest 
freight train 
from my last 

letter "• 

from the enclosed : 

letter 

from the last re- < 

port 

fully considered 

further consideration 
further particulars 

Goods not to 

hand 
great disappointment 

gross receipts 
I am directed 

I am directed to state 
I am extremely sorry 

I am in receipt of 

your letter 

I am obliged 

I am rather surprised 

I am requested 

I am requested to state 

I am very sorry 
I am very sorry 

that you should think 

I beg to enclose 
I can assure you 

I do not understand 

I enclose account 
I enclose cheque 
I have no objection 



0*-£ 



"^iL 



I have received 
I have the honor 

I have to inform you 

I shall be obliged 
I shall be pleased 

I shall expect 
I thank you 
I will consider 
I will endeavor 
if we understand 
if you will oblige 
in consideration 
in exchange 
in the course of a v 

few days 

in my last letter 
in my letter 
in reply 

in reply to your letter 

in the matter 
into the matter 
in this case 

it gives me great 

pleasure 
in which you will see 

in your last letter 
in your letter 
in your reply 
in your reply to 

my letter 

Just possible 
just received 



7^ BUSINESS 

Last week 

lowest terms 

Make an appoint- 
ment 

much obliged 

my last letter 

my letter 

Necessary ar- 
rangements 

necessary atten- 
tion 
next week 

no communica- 
tion 
Of this date 

ordinary rates 

our best thanks 

Payment of ac- 
count 

postal card 
please note 

Eailwaj companies 

registered letter 

respectfully request 
Satisfactory answer 

some time ago 

special rates 

To our satisfac- 
tion 

Under bill of sale 
underwriters 
unless we receive 



4- 









v^ 



IT 




PHRASES AND CONTRACTIONS. 

/^7" ^ e are conn d en t 

/^l we are in a position 

we are not satis- 
fied 

we beg to ack- 
nowledge c 

we beg to call 

your attention 

we have received 
we respectfully 

request 

we shall expect 
which will be 

taken into consideration 

You are at liberty 

your considera- 
tion 

your favor 
your last letter 
your obedient 

servant 
yours faithfully 
yours obediently 

yours respectfully 

yours truly 
your reply to my 

letter 

you may rely 
you may require 
you may consider 
you must consider 
you will be sorry 
you will consider 



T^. 



SERIAL LESSONS 

IN ISAAC PITMA]LPHONGRAPHY. 

A course of Shorthand Lessons in which the principles 
of the system are presented separately in a logical sequence 
with accompanying exercises for practice, being a complete 
Self-Instructor. Intended, also, for use in classes as a 
teacher's Text-Book, as well as for the individual student. 
By W. L. Mason, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Price, $1.00. 

This work by the author of the Commercial Dictation 
Book, who is a most successful teacher, simplifies the mat- 
ter of Teaching and of Learning Phonography as much as 
possible and no one interested in learning can afford to be 
without it. 

It has been compiled from the Phonographic Teacher, 
the Manual and other phonographic text -books, putting the 
whole system in a complete and consecutive form so as to 
secure the best possible results. The lessons are arranged 
in Charts to be taken up by the student separately. 

It is commended and used by teachers. 

READ THE FOLLOWING LETTER: 

New York, May 15th. 
"I purchased a set of your Stenographic lesson 4 Charts ' about a 
year ago, and a friend of mine who studied from them with very little aid 
from me has been very successful in mastering the art of stenography. 

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" Very truly yours, S. J. Sirine." 

These Charts are placed at the very low figure of $1.00 
a set. The work upon them is beautifully executed, having 
been done by means of Photo-Engraving, and the shorthand 
characters are especially clear. The lessons are a complete 
guide to the study of shorthand, carrying the learner from 
the simple to the more advanced principles. Sent by mail 
postpaid, on receipt of price, $1.00. 



THE COMMERCIAL DICTATION BOOK. 

Have you seen it ! If you haven't, you'll wonder when you do how 
you ever got along without it. It's the best and most practical thing of 
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AND BEST OF ALL, 
It's counted off so that you can time yourself for any rate of speed from 
40 to 160 words a minute ! Printed in large type so that it will not tire 
the eyes at night. Legal forms are arranged just as they should be on the 
typewriter. Twenty-five cents in stamps will bring a copy, post free and 
post haste, if sent to 

W. I.. MASON, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 



PARTIAL LIST 

— OF — 

Isaac Pitman & Sons Phonographic Works. 

THE BEST TEXT-BOOK. 

ISAAC PITMAN'S COMPLETE PHONOGRAPHIC IN- 
STRUCTOR. A New and Complete Exposition of Isaac Pit- 
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and Exercises, Business Letters and Specimens of Legal forms. The 
general plan of the "Instructor" makes it equally acceptable for 
self-tuition and for class-use. A chapter entitled "Practical Hints in 
Legal Work," from the pen of Mr. W. L. Mason, Principal of the 
Metropolitan School of Isaac Pitman Shorthand, 156 Fifth Avenue, 
New York, is a prominent feature of the book. This presentation of 
Phonography, embodying, as it doos, the accumulated experience of 
over. 50 years, is the Most Complete and Perfect Shorthand Text- 
book that has Ever Been Issued. Elegantly bound in cloth, gilt let- 
tered. 250 pages - $1.50. 

***The above work has been adopted and is used in the Public Schools 
of New York City. 

u The most complete and comprehensive shorthand text-book ever issued. 
The press- work is faultless, and I cannot suppress a sigh of regret that 
when I studied this excellent system some years ago, I was deprived 
of the aid of such a work. It is needless to say that the Complete In- 
structor — for it is complete in every possible way — has become the 
standard text-book of the Metropolitan School." — W. L. Mason, 
Principal Metropolitan School of Isaac Pitman Shorthand and Type- 
writing , 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 

BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE IN SHORTHAND, No 1. 
Containing actual business letters as dictated to stenographers in 
American business offices. The following subjects are treated : Rail- 
road, Law, Banking, Stocks, etc,, etc. The work is Keyed in ordinary 
type, and the matter counted off into sections for speed-testing in 
either shorthand or typewriting. Of value to writers of any system, 
and indispensable in the class-room and business college. 40 pages, 
in attractive cover, 30 cts. 

BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE IN SHORTHAND, No. 2. 

40 pages in cover, . 30 cts. 

"An excellent work. I like it very much indeed, and have felt the 
want of such a book for a long time." — Miss Mary E. Beal, Teacher 
of Isaac Pitman's Shorthand in the Bangor (Me.) Business College. 

SELF-CULTURE IN PHONOGRAPHY, by Prof. Blackie. 

91 pages, Price 35 cts.; cloth, 50 cts. 

GULLIVER'S VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT IN PHONOGRA- 
PHY, by Dean Swift. 92 pages Price 35 cts.; cloth 50 cts. 

SELECTIONS FROM AMERICAN AUTHORS IN PHON- 
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etc. 112 pages Price 35 cts.; cloth 50 cts. 

***The above works are printed from beautifully engraved characters, and 
will be sent postage paid on receipt of price by 

ISAAC PITflAN & SONS, 

The Phonographic Depot. 33 Union Square, New York. 



"THE LIGHT RUIMINIIMG" 

DENSMORE, 

The World's Greatest Typewriter. 



»i 




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The above is the fourth point named in which the Dens- 
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Adopted by the U. S. War Department in 1893 ; Govern- 
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First Densmore purchased by the Carnegie Steel Co. in 1892; 
they now use over 30. 

Densmore Typewriter Company, 

316 Broadway, New York. 




L 



ISAAC PITMAN 

SHORTHAND and TYPEWRITING 
156 Fifth Ayenne, New York, 

Northwest corner Twentieth Street, 

of which the compiler of this book, Mr. W. L. Mason, is the 
Principal, is conducted on the most practical lines, and is an 
institution where facilities are provided for the beginner in 
shorthand and typewrting, the more advanced student, or 
the finished stenographer. 

Here in perfection are applied the peculiar methods of 
teaching and inculcating of business ways which Mr. Mason 
has developed during many years as a professional steno- 
graphic reporter, in all branches of legal, mercantile and con- 
vention work. One gentleman, whose name and address 
will be given to any one upon application, says, unasked: 

" Your pupil, Miss S., whom I have now in my employ, 
is very much better fitted for the routine work of an office than 
is generally the case with pupils a year after leaving school and 
with the experience of that period. ' ' 

This particular pupil had studied only five months, and 
had not graduated when she took this position in March, 1892. 

One special feature of this school is the evening instruc- 
tion where special rates are given for two or three lessons 
a week. Terms and circulars will be furnished/r^ on ap- 
plication at 156 Fifth Avenue, Presbyterian Building, North- 
west corner 20th Street. Don't forget the number. 



Tke -Ste^ocjraJDker'-s Gorr\f>ar\ior\ : I 

A COLLECTION OF WORDS, SENTENCES AND 

DICTATION EXERCISES, | 



| CAREFULLY SELECTED AND COMPILED IN ILLUSTRATION OF 
jfc THE VARIOUS PRINCIPLES OF PHONOGRAPHY, OR 

& SHORTHAND WRITING. 

INTENDED FOR USE BY BEGINNERS, ADVANCED 

WRITERS, SOLITARY STUDENTS, 

AND IN SCHOOLS. 

1 Part I is particularly adapted to Isaac Pitman Writers, 

•jjf Part II may be advantageously used by students of 

any system of Pitmanic Shorthand. 
'♦ 

|; CONTAINING ALSO MANY USEFUL HINTS, PHRASES, 

I] ABBREVIATIONS, LISTS OF GRAMMA LOGUES, CON- 

;>; TRACTIONS, ETC., WHICH HAVE NEVER 

I BEFORE BEEN PUBLISHED. 

>♦. Compiled and Published by « ^i±* I 

w.L. mason, TfE* WUJS/i 

Author of "Serial Lessons in Phonography." 

t Principal of the Metropolitan Shorthand School ; Instructor in Shorthand 

for the past ten years at the General Society of Mechanics and ] 

Tradesmen ; and Special Teacher of Phonography in the ' 

New York Public Schools. 



Copyright, 1896, by W. L. Mason. 



I New York : 

One-fifty-six Fifth Avenue. 

m 

PRICE, TWENTY-FIVE CENTS. 

£ 



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